每日更新：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41880352/article/details/94288895
1、3G
2、404 Error
3、4G
4、4K
5、802.11a
6、3D Printer
7、802.11ac
8、802.11b
9、802.11g
10、802.11n
11、Abend
12、Access
13、Access Point
14、ACL
15、Active Cell
16、Active-Matrix
17、ActiveX
18、Ad Hoc Network
19、Adapter
20、Adaptive Content
21、ADC
22、Add-on
23、Address Bar
24、ADF
25、ADSL
26、Adware
27、Affiliate
28、AGP
29、AIFF
30、AIX
1、3G
3G is a collection of third generation cellular data technologies. The first generation (1G) was introduced in 1982, while the second generation of cellular data technologies (2G) became standardized in the early 1990s. 3G technologies were introduced as early as 2001, but did not gain widespread use until 2007.In order to be labeled "3G," a cellular data transfer standard must meet a set of specifications defined by the International Telecommunications Union, known as IMT-2000. For example, all 3G standards must provide a peak data transfer rate of at least 2 Mbps. Most 3G standards, however, provide much faster transfer rates of up to 14.4 Mbps.
While many cell phone companies market phones with "3G technology," there is no single 3G standard. Rather, different companies use their own technologies to achieve similar data transfer rates. For example, AT&T uses a 3G technology based on GSM, while Verizon uses a technology based on CDMA. Additionally, cell phone networks outside the United States use different IMT-2000 compliant standards to achieve 3G data transfer speeds.
3G precedes 4G, the fourth generation of cellular data technologies.
cellular data 蜂窝数据
labeled 标记
peak 峰
compliant 兼容的
precede 之前
3G是第三代蜂窝数据技术的集合。第一代(1G)第二代蜂窝数据技术(2G)1990年代早期标准化。3G该技术早在2001年就被引进，但直到2007年才得到广泛应用。标记为3G蜂窝数据传输标准必须符合国际电信联盟定义的一套规范，称为IMT-2000。例如，所有3G必须至少提供2个标准mbps峰值数据传输率。然而，大多数3G高达14个标准.4 Mbps传输速度更快。
尽管许多手机公司销售3G技术手机，但没有单一的3G标准。相反，不同的公司使用自己的技术来实现类似的数据传输速率。AT&T使用基于GSM的3G技术，而Verizon使用基于CDMA技术。此外，美国以外的手机网络使用不同的手机网络IMT-实现32000兼容标准G数据传输速度。
3G第四代移动数据技术G。
2、404 Error
A 404 error is a common website error message that indicates awebpagecannot be found. It may be produced when a user clicks an outdated (or "broken")link or when a URL is typed incorrectly in a Web browser's address field. Some websites display custom 404 error pages, which may look similar to other pages on the site. Other websites simply display the Web server's default error message text, which typically begins with "Not Found." Regardless of the appearance, a 404 error means the server is up and running, but the webpage or path to the webpage is not valid.So why call it a "404 error" instead of simply a "Missing Webpage Error?" The reason is that 404 is an error code produced by the Web server when it cannot find a webpage. This error code is recognized by search engines, which helps prevent search engine crawlers from indexing bad URLs. 404 errors can also be read by Web scripts and websitemonitoring tools, which can help webmasters locate and fix broken links.
Other common Web server codes are 200, which means a webpage has been found, and 301, which indicates a file moved to a new location. Like 404 errors, these status messages are not seen directly by users, but they are used by search engines and website monitoring software.
indicates 表明
field 域
crawlers 爬虫
404错误是一种常见的网站错误消息，表示无法找到网页。当用户单击过期(或“断开”)链接时，或者当URL在Web浏览器的地址字段中键入错误时，可能会产生此错误。一些网站显示自定义404错误页面，这可能看起来与网站上的其他页面类似。其他网站只显示Web服务器的默认错误消息文本，通常以“Not Found”开头。无论外观如何，404错误都意味着服务器已经启动并运行，但是页面或到页面的路径无效。那么，为什么称它为“404错误”而不是简单的“缺少网页错误”呢?原因是404是Web服务器在找不到网页时产生的错误代码。此错误代码可被搜索引擎识别，这有助于防止搜索引擎爬行器索引错误url。404错误也可以通过Web脚本和websitemonitoring tools来读取
3、4G
4G is a collection of fourth generation cellular data technologies. It succeeds 3Gand is also called "IMT-Advanced," or "International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced." 4G was made available as early as 2005 in South Korea under the name WiMAX and was rolled out in several European countries over the next few years. It became available in the United States in 2009, with Sprint being the first carrier to offer a 4G cellular network.All 4G standards must conform to a set of specifications created by the International Telecommunications Union. For example, all 4G technologies are required to provide peak data transfer rates of at least 100 Mbps. While actual download and upload speeds may vary based on signal strength and wireless interference, 4G data transfer rates can actually surpass those of cable modemand DSL connections.
Like 3G, there is no single 4G standard. Instead, different cellular providers use different technologies that conform to the 4G requirements. For example, WiMAX is a popular 4G technology used in Asia and Eastern Europe, while LTE (Long Term Evolution) is more popular in Scandinavia and the United states.
IMT-Advanced 国际移动通信标准
roll out 实行，推出
Sprint 冲刺；斯普林特(美国的一家通信公司)
peak 峰值；山顶
wireless 无线的
interference 干扰
supass 超越
cable 电缆
4G是第四代蜂窝数据技术的集合。它继3Gand之后又被称为“IMT-Advanced”或“International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced”。4G早在2005年就以WiMAX的名义在韩国推出，并在接下来的几年里在几个欧洲国家推出。2009年，随着Sprint成为第一家提供4G手机网络的运营商，这款手机在美国上市。所有4G标准都必须符合国际电信联盟制定的一套规范。例如，所有4G技术都需要提供至少100mbps的峰值数据传输速率。虽然实际的下载和上传速度可能会根据信号强度和无线干扰而变化，但4G数据传输速率实际上可以超过有线modemand DSL连接。
和3G一样，4G也没有单一的标准。相反，不同的手机运营商使用不同的技术来满足4G的要求。例如，WiMAX是在亚洲和东欧流行的4G技术，而LTE (Long Term Evolution)在斯堪的纳维亚和美国更受欢迎。
4、4K
4K is a display standard that includes televisions, monitors, and other video equipment that supports a horizontal resolution of roughly 4,000 pixels. The most common 4K standard is Ultra HD (or UHD), which has a resolution of 3840 x 2160 pixels (3,840 pixels wide by 2,160 pixels tall). It is exactly twice the resolution of HDTV (1920 x 1080) and has an identical 16 x 9 aspect ratio.
Mass production of 4K televisions began in 2013. Sony, Panasonic, Samsung, LG, Sharp, and other manufacturers now offer 4K televisions alongside their HDTV lineups. Several companies released high-resolution video capture devices prior to 2013 so that 4K video content would be available for the new TVs. For example, Canon, JVC, and other companies released 4K digital video cameras in 2012. RED released the RED ONE in 2007, which paved the way for the 4K devices that followed in the next few years.
While 4K is often used in reference to television, it can also refer to high-resolution computer monitors. For example, several hardware manufacturers now offer 4K displays, which may also be called Hi-DPI monitors or retina displays. The most popular Hi-DPI monitors resolution is 3840 x 2160, though some displays have a wider aspect ratio and a resolution of 4096 x 2160.
NOTE: 4K televisions may also be called UHDTVs (as opposed to HDTVs). However, the phrase "4K television" is more commonly used in marketing.
pixels 像素
utral 超级的，极端的
UHD 超高清的
resolution 分辨率；解决，决心
identical 同一的，完全相同的
Panasonic 松下
LG 乐金
Sharp 夏普
alongside 与此同时，和...一起
lineup 阵容
HDTV 高清晰度电视
prior 优先的
JVC 日本胜利公司
pave 铺设，安排
retina 视网膜
4K是一种显示标准，包括电视、显示器和其他支持大约4,000像素水平分辨率的视频设备。最常见的4K标准是超高清，分辨率为3840 x 2160像素(3840像素宽，2160像素高)。它的分辨率正好是高清电视的两倍(1920 x 1080)，并具有相同的16 x 9纵横比。
4K电视的大规模生产始于2013年。索尼(Sony)、松下(Panasonic)、三星(Samsung)、LG、夏普(Sharp)等制造商现在在推出高清电视系列的同时，还提供4K电视。几家公司在2013年之前发布了高分辨率视频捕捉设备，这样4K视频内容就可以用于新电视。例如，佳能、JVC等公司在2012年推出了4K数码摄像机。RED在2007年发布了RED ONE，为随后几年推出的4K设备铺平了道路。
4K通常指电视，也可以指高分辨率的电脑显示器。例如，一些硬件制造商现在提供4K显示器，也可以称为高分辨率显示器或视网膜显示器。最流行的Hi-DPI显示器分辨率是3840 x 2160，尽管有些显示器具有更宽的宽高比和4096 x 2160的分辨率。
注:4K电视也可以称为超高清电视(与高清电视相对)。然而，“4K电视”一词在营销中更常用。
5、802.11a
802.11a is an IEEE standard for transmitting data over a wireless network. It uses a 5 GHz frequency band and supports data transfer rates of 54 Mbps, or 6.75 megabytes per second.
The 802.11a standard was released in 1999, around the same time as 802.11b. While 802.11b only supported a data transfer rate of 11 Mbps, most routers and wireless cards at that time were manufactured using the 802.11b standard. Therefore, 802.11b remained more popular than 802.11a for several years. In 2003, the 802.11a standard was superseded by 802.11g, which uses the same 2.4 GHz band as 802.11a, but supports transfer rates of up to 54 Mbps.
NOTE: In order for a an 802.11a connection to take place, each device on the wireless network must support the 802.11a standard. For example, if a base station broadcasts an 802.11a signal, only computers with Wi-Ficards that support 802.11a will be able to recognize the base station. While many routers are backwards compatible with older standards, it may be necessary to manually configure some routers to work with older 802.11a and 802.11b devices.
IEEE 电气与电子工程师协会
wirelesswireless 无线的
megabyte 兆字节
supersed 代替
manually 手动地
802.11a是通过无线网络传输数据的IEEE标准。它使用5 GHz频段，支持54 Mbps(或6.75 mb / s)的数据传输速率。
802.11a标准于1999年发布，大约与802.11b同时发布。虽然802.11b只支持1mbps的数据传输速率，但当时大多数路由器和无线网卡都是使用802.11b标准制造的。因此，802.11b多年来一直比802.11a更受欢迎。在2003年，802.11a标准被802.11g取代，802.11g使用与802.11a相同的2.4 GHz频段，但支持高达54 Mbps的传输速率。
注意:为了实现802.11a连接，无线网络上的每个设备都必须支持802.11a标准。例如，如果基站广播802.11a信号，那么只有支持802.11a的wi - ficard计算机才能识别基站。虽然许多路由器向后兼容较旧的标准，但可能需要手动配置一些路由器来使用较旧的802.11a和802.11b设备。
6、3D Printer
A 3D printer is a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) device that creates three-dimensional objects. Like a traditional printer, a 3D printer receives digital data from a computer as input. However, instead of printing the output on paper, a 3D printer builds a three-dimensional model out of a custom material.3D printers use a process called additive manufacturing to form (or "print") physical objects layer by layer until the model is complete. This is different than subtractive manufacturing, in which a machine reshapes or removes material from an existing mold. Since 3D printers create models from scratch, they are more efficient and produce less waste than subtractive manufacturing devices.
The process of printing a 3D model varies depending on the material used to create the object. For example, when building a plastic model, a 3D printer may heat and fuse the layers of plastic together using a process called fused deposition modeling (FDM). When creating a metallic object, a 3D printer may use a process called direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). This method forms thins layers of metal from metallic powder using a high powered laser.
While 3D printing has been possible since the 1980s, it has been primarily used for large scale industrial purposes. However, in recent years, 3D printers have become much cheaper and are now available to the consumer market. As the technology becomes more widespread, 3D printers may become a viable means for people to create their own home products and replacement parts.
aided 辅助的，半自动的
manufacturing 制造的
CAM 计算机辅助制造
dimensional 空间，维度
custom material (定制)自定义材料
form 表格；构造
layer 层
substrative 根基(从零开始)
scratch 由MIT设计的一款简易编程工具
varies 变化
fuse 融化
deposition 沉 积
FDM 熔融沉积成型
DMLS 直接金属激光熔接
thins 薄
3D打印机是一种计算机辅助制造(CAM)设备，它可以创建三维对象。与传统打印机一样，3D打印机从计算机接收数字数据作为输入。然而，3D打印机不是将输出打印在纸上，而是用定制的材料构建一个三维模型。3D打印机使用一种称为“加法制造”的过程，一层一层地形成(或“打印”)物理对象，直到模型完成。这与减法制造不同，减法制造是机器对现有模具进行改造或去除材料。由于3D打印机从零开始创建模型，它们比减法制造设备更高效，产生的浪费更少。
打印3D模型的过程因用于创建对象的材料而异。例如，当构建一个塑料模型时，3D打印机可以使用一个称为熔融沉积建模(FDM)的过程将塑料层加热并融合在一起。当创建一个金属物体时，3D打印机可以使用一个称为直接金属激光烧结(DMLS)的过程。这种方法利用高能激光从金属粉末中形成金属薄层。
虽然3D打印自20世纪80年代以来已经成为可能，但它主要用于大规模工业用途。然而，近年来，3D打印机变得越来越便宜，现在可以在消费市场上买到。随着这项技术越来越普及，3D打印机可能成为人们创造自己的家庭产品和替换部件的可行手段。
7、802.11ac
802.11ac (also called 5G Wi-Fi) is the fifth generation of Wi-Fi technology, standardized by the IEEE. It is an evolution of the previous standard, 802.11n, that provides greater bandwidth and more simultaneous spatial streams. This allows 802.11ac devices to support data transfer rates that are several times faster than those of 802.11n devices.
Unlike previous Wi-Fi standards, which operated at a 2.4 GHz frequency, 802.11ac operates exclusively on a 5 GHz frequency band. This prevents interference with common 2.4 GHz devices, such as cordless phones, baby monitors, and older wireless routers. Computers and mobile devices that support 802.11ac will benefit from the 5 GHz bandwidth, but older wireless devices can still communicate with with an 802.11ac router at a slower speed.
The initial draft of the 802.11ac standard was approved in 2012, but 802.11ac hardware was not released until 2013. The initial 802.11ac standard (wave 1) supports a maximum data transfer rate of 1300 Mbps, or 1.3 Gbps, using 3 spatial streams. This is significantly faster than 802.11n's maximum speed of 450 Mbps. It also means 802.11ac is the first Wi-Fi standard that has the potential to be faster than Gigabit Ethernet. The second 802.11ac standard (wave 2) will support twice the bandwidth of wave 1 devices and offer data transfer rates of up to 3470 Mbps.
band 波段；乐队
simultaneous 同时的
spatial 空间
exclusively 仅仅的，唯一的
cordless 无线的
draft 起草
significantly 显著地
Gigabit Ethernet 吉比特以太网
802.11ac(也称为5G Wi-Fi)是IEEE标准的第五代Wi-Fi技术。它是以前的802.11n标准的改进，提供了更大的带宽和更多的同时空间流。这允许802.11ac设备支持比802.11n设备快几倍的数据传输速率。
与之前2.4 GHz频率的Wi-Fi标准不同，802.11ac只在5 GHz频段运行。这可以防止干扰常见的2.4 GHz设备，如无绳电话、婴儿监视器和较老的无线路由器。支持802.11ac的计算机和移动设备将受益于5 GHz带宽，但较老的无线设备仍然可以用802.11ac路由器以较慢的速度进行通信。
802.11ac标准的初稿于2012年获得批准，但802.11ac硬件直到2013年才发布。最初的802.11ac标准(wave 1)支持使用3个空间流，最大数据传输速率为1300 Mbps或1.3 Gbps。这明显快于802.11n的最大速度450 Mbps。这也意味着802.11ac是第一个有潜力比千兆以太网更快的Wi-Fi标准。第二个802.11ac标准(wave 2)将支持两倍于wave 1设备的带宽，并提供高达3470mbps的数据传输速率。
8、802.11b
802.11b is a Wi-Fi standard developed by the IEEE for transmitting data over a wireless network. It operates on a 2.4 GHz band and allows for wireless data transfers up to 11 Mbps. A faster standard, called 802.11g, was introduced a few years after 802.11b and supports data transfer rates up to 54 Mbps. This can make a difference in the speed of data transfers within a local network, but since broadband Internet access is limited to around 5 Mbps, a 802.11b wireless connection will not be a bottleneck for Internet access. Most wireless networks are based on either 802.11b or 802.11g.
bottleneck 瓶颈
802.11b是IEEE为无线网络传输数据而开发的一种Wi-Fi标准。它运行在2.4 GHz频段，允许无线数据传输高达11mbps。在802.11b之后的几年引入了一个更快的标准802.11g，支持高达54 Mbps的数据传输速率。这可以在本地网络中改变数据传输的速度，但是由于宽带Internet访问被限制在5mbps左右，802.11b无线连接将不会成为Internet访问的瓶颈。大多数无线网络基于802.11b或802.11g。
9、802.11g
802.11g is a Wi-Fi standard developed by the IEEE for transmitting data over a wireless network. It operates on a 2.4 GHz bandwidth and supports data transfer rates up to 54 Mbps. 802.11g is backward compatible with 802.11b hardware, but if there are any 802.11b-based computers on the network, the entire network will have to run at 11 Mbps (the max speed that 802.11b supports). However, you can configure your 802.11g wireless router to only accept 802.11g devices, which will ensure your network runs at its top speed.
802.11g是IEEE为无线网络传输数据而开发的一种Wi-Fi标准。802.11g向后兼容802.11b硬件，但如果网络上有任何基于802.11b的计算机，整个网络必须以11mbps的速度运行(802.11b supp的最大速度)
10、802.11n
802.11n is a wireless (Wi-Fi) standard that was introduced in 2007. It supports a longer range and higher wireless transfer rates than the previous standard, 802.11g.
802.11n devices support MIMO (multiple in, multiple out) data transfers, which can transmit multiple streams of data at once. This technology effectively doubles the range of a wireless device. Therefore, a wireless router that uses 802.11n may have twice the radius of coverage as an 802.11g router. This means a single 802.11n router may cover an entire household, whereas an 802.11g router might require additional routers to bridge the signal.
The previous 802.11g standard supported transfer rates of up to 54 Mbps. Devices that use 802.11n can transfer data over 100 Mbps. With an optimized configuration, the 802.11n standard can theoretically support transfer rates of up to 500 Mbps. That is five times faster than a standard 100Base-T wired Ethernet network.
So if your residence is not wired with an Ethernet network, it's not a big deal. Wireless technology can finally keep pace with the wired network. Of course, with the faster speeds and larger range that 802.11n provides, it is more important than ever to password protect your wireless network.
radius 身份认证拨入用户服务
optimize 使优化，使完善
wired 有线的
ethernet 以太网
residence 住宅
802.11n是2007年引入的一种无线(Wi-Fi)标准。与之前的802.11g标准相比，它支持更长的距离和更高的无线传输速率。
802.11n设备支持MIMO(多入多出)数据传输，可以同时传输多个数据流。这项技术有效地将无线设备的范围扩大了一倍。因此，使用802.11n的无线路由器的覆盖半径可能是802.11g路由器的两倍。这意味着一个802.11n路由器可以覆盖整个家庭，而一个802.11g路由器可能需要额外的路由器来连接信号。
之前的802.11g标准支持高达54 Mbps的传输速率。使用802.11n的设备可以传输超过100mbps的数据。通过优化配置，802.11n标准理论上可以支持高达500mbps的传输速率。这比标准的100Base-T有线以太网快5倍。
所以，如果你的住宅没有连接以太网，那也没什么大不了的。无线技术终于可以跟上有线网络的步伐了。当然，随着802.11n提供的更快的速度和更大的范围，密码保护您的无线网络比以往任何时候都更重要。
11、Abend
Short for "Abnormal end." An abend is an unexpected or abnormal end to a process. In computer software, it typically refers to a software crash when a programunexpectedly quits. For example, an error in a program's code may cause it to freeze or crash while running a certain command. The result is an unexpected (and often inconvenient) end to the program.
The term "ABEND" was initially used by IBM OS/360 systems as an error message. It is now used by Novell Netware systems and also as a general programming term.
“非正常结束”的缩写。abend是进程的意外或异常结束。在计算机软件中，它通常指程序意外退出时发生的软件崩溃。例如，程序代码中的一个错误可能导致它在运行某个命令时冻结或崩溃。结果是程序意外地(而且常常不方便地)结束。
术语“ABEND”最初被IBM OS/360系统用作错误消息。它现在被Novell Netware系统使用，也是一个通用的编程术语。
12、Access
Microsoft Access, often abbreviated "MS Access," is a popular database application for Windows. Access allows users to create custom databases that store information in an organized structure. The program also provides a visual interface for creating custom forms, tables, and SQL queries. Data can be entered into an Access database using either visual forms or a basic spreadsheet interface. The information stored within an Access database can be browsed, searched, and accessed from other programs, including Web services.
While Access is a proprietary database management system (DBMS), it is compatible with other database programs since it supports Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). This allows data to be sent to and from other database programs, such as MS SQL, FoxPro, Filemaker Pro, and Oracle databases. This compatibility also enables Access to serve as the back end for a database-driven website. In fact, Microsoft FrontPage and Expression Web, as well as ASP.NET have built-in support for Access databases. For this reason, websites hosted on Microsoft Windows servers often use Access databases for generating dynamic content.
Microsoft Access 数据库
Accesss也翻译为数据库
abbreviated 缩写
spreadsheet 电子表格
browsed 浏览
propritory 所有权，所有者
DBMS 数据库管理系统
ODBC 数据源，开放式数据库链接
dynamic 动态的
Microsoft Access，通常缩写为“MS Access”，是一种流行的Windows数据库应用程序。Access允许用户创建以组织结构存储信息的自定义数据库。该程序还提供了用于创建自定义表单、表和SQL查询的可视化接口。数据可以使用可视化表单或基本的电子表格接口输入Access数据库。可以从其他程序(包括Web服务)浏览、搜索和访问存储在Access数据库中的信息。
Access是一个专有的数据库管理系统(DBMS)，但它支持开放数据库连接(ODBC)，因此与其他数据库程序兼容。这允许向其他数据库程序(如MS SQL、FoxPro、Filemaker Pro和Oracle数据库)发送和发送数据。这种兼容性还允许访问作为数据库驱动的网站的后端。事实上，微软的FrontPage和Expression Web，以及ASP。NET内置了对访问数据库的支持。因此，驻留在Microsoft Windows服务器上的网站常常使用Access数据库来生成动态内容。
. mdb文件扩展名:
13、Access Point
An access point is a device, such as a wireless router, that allows wireless devices to connect to a network. Most access points have built-in routers, while others must be connected to a router in order to provide network access. In either case, access points are typically hardwired to other devices, such as network switches or broadband modems.
Access points can be found in many places, including houses, businesses, and public locations. In most houses, the access point is a wireless router, which is connected to a DSL or cable modem. However, some modems may include wireless capabilities, making the modem itself the access point. Large businesses often provide several access points, which allows employees to wirelessly connect to a central network from a wide range of locations. Public access points can be found in stores, coffee shops, restaurants, libraries, and other locations. Some cities provide public access points in the form of wireless transmitters that are connected to streetlights, signs, and other public objects.
While access points typically provide wireless access to the Internet, some are intended only to provide access to a closed network. For example, a business may provide secure access points to its employees so they can wirelessly access files from a network server. Also, most access points provide Wi-Fi access, but it is possible for an access point to refer to a Bluetooth device or other type of wireless connection. However, the purpose of most access points is to provide Internet access to connected users.
The term "access point" is often used synonymously with base station, though base stations are technically only Wi-Fi devices. It may also be abbreviated AP or WAP (for wireless access point). However, WAP is not as commonly used as AP since WAP is the standard acronym for Wireless Access Protocol.
Access Point 网络接入点
hardwired 电路的
modem 调制解调器
DSL 数字用户线路
capabilities 能力
in the form of 以....的形式
synonymously 和...同义
acronym 缩写
接入点是一种设备，例如无线路由器，它允许无线设备连接到网络。大多数接入点都有内置路由器，而其他接入点必须连接到路由器才能提供网络访问。在这两种情况下，接入点通常硬连接到其他设备，如网络交换机或宽带调制解调器。
在许多地方都可以找到接入点，包括房屋、企业和公共场所。在大多数家庭中，接入点是一个无线路由器，它连接到DSL或电缆调制解调器。然而，一些调制解调器可能包括无线功能，使调制解调器本身成为接入点。大型企业通常提供几个接入点，允许员工从广泛的位置无线连接到一个中央网络。公共接入点可以在商店、咖啡馆、餐馆、图书馆和其他地方找到。一些城市以无线发射器的形式提供公共接入点，这些接入点与街灯、标志和其他公共物品相连接。
虽然接入点通常提供对Internet的无线访问，但有些接入点只打算提供对封闭网络的访问。例如，企业可以为其员工提供安全的访问点，以便他们可以从网络服务器无线访问文件。此外，大多数接入点提供Wi-Fi接入，但接入点也可以指蓝牙设备或其他类型的无线连接。然而，大多数接入点的目的是为已连接的用户提供Internet访问。
“接入点”一词通常与基站同义，尽管基站在技术上只是Wi-Fi设备。它也可以缩写为AP或WAP(无线接入点)。然而，WAP不像AP那么常用，因为WAP是无线访问协议的标准缩写。
14、ACL
Stands for "Access Control List." An ACL is a list of user permissions for a file, folder, or other object. It defines what users and groups can access the object and what operations they can perform. These operations typically include read, write, and execute. For example, if an ACL specifies read-only access for a specific user of a file, that user will be able open the file, but cannot write to it or run the file.
Access control lists provide a straightforward method of managing file and folder permissions. They are used by most operating systems, including Windows, Mac, and Unix systems. While ACLs are typically hidden from the user, they can often be modified using a graphical interface. For example, in Mac OS X 10.5, ACL settings can be edited by selecting a file or folder and choosing "Get Info." The access control settings can be modified within the "Sharing and Permissions" section of the window. On Unix systems, ACLs can be edited using the chmod() command.
ACL 访问控制列表
folder 文件夹
“访问控制列表”标志。ACL是文件、文件夹或其他对象的用户权限列表。它定义了哪些用户和组可以访问对象以及它们可以执行哪些操作。这些操作通常包括读、写和执行。例如，如果ACL为文件的特定用户指定只读访问权限，该用户将能够打开该文件，但不能写入或运行该文件。
访问控制列表提供了一种管理文件和文件夹权限的简单方法。大多数操作系统都使用它们，包括Windows、Mac和Unix系统。虽然acl通常对用户隐藏，但通常可以使用图形界面修改它们。例如，在Mac OS 10.5中，可以通过选择文件或文件夹并选择“Get Info”来编辑ACL设置。访问控制设置可以在窗口的“共享和权限”部分中修改。在Unix系统上，可以使用chmod()命令编辑acl。
15、Active Cell
An active cell refers to the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet. It can be identified by a bold (typically blue) outline that surrounds the cell. The standard way to reference the location of an active cell is with a column/row combination, such as A2 (first column, second row) or B5 (second column, fifth row).
Whenever you click on a specific cell within a spreadsheet, it becomes the active cell. Once a cell is selected, you can enter values or a function into the cell. Most spreadsheet programs will display the value of the active cell both inside the cell itself and within a long text field in the spreadsheet toolbar. The text field is helpful for viewing or modifying functions and for editing long text strings that don't fit in the active cell.
Most spreadsheet applications allow you to define a specific data type for individual cells. Therefore, you can use the cell formatting option in the toolbar or select Format → Cells… from the menu bar to choose the data type for the active cell. For example, if the active cell contains the price of an item, you may want to select "Currency" as the data type. You can also format the appearance of an active cell by selecting the font, text color, background color, and text styles.
In most cases, a spreadsheet only has one active cell at a time. However, it is possible to select multiple cells by dragging the cursor over a group of cells. In this case, all of the selected cells may be considered active cells. If you change the cell formatting options while multiple cells are selected, the changes will affect all of the active cells.
NOTE: When writing a function in Microsoft Excel, the ActiveCell property can be used to reference the active cell. The value of the active cell can be accessed using ActiveCell.Value.
active cell 活动单元格
spreadsheet 电子表格
bold 大胆的；粗体
toolbar 工具栏
multiple 多重的
drag 拖 拉
cursor 箭头
活动单元格是指电子表格中当前选定的单元格。它可以通过围绕单元格的粗体(通常是蓝色)轮廓来标识。引用活动单元格位置的标准方法是使用列/行组合，例如A2(第一列，第二行)或B5(第二列，第五行)。
每当单击电子表格中的特定单元格时，它就成为活动单元格。一旦选择了单元格，就可以在单元格中输入值或函数。大多数电子表格程序都将在电子表格工具栏的单元格内部和长文本字段中显示活动单元格的值。文本字段有助于查看或修改函数以及编辑不适合活动单元格的长文本字符串。
大多数电子表格应用程序允许您为单个单元格定义特定的数据类型。因此，您可以使用工具栏中的单元格格式选项，或者从菜单栏中选择Format→Cells…来选择活动单元格的数据类型。例如，如果活动单元格包含项目的价格，您可能希望选择“Currency”作为数据类型。您还可以通过选择字体、文本颜色、背景颜色和文本样式来格式化活动单元格的外观。
在大多数情况下，电子表格一次只有一个活动单元格。但是，可以通过将光标拖动到一组单元格上来选择多个单元格。在这种情况下，所有选中的细胞都可以被认为是活动细胞。如果在选择多个单元格时更改单元格格式选项，则更改将影响所有活动单元格。
注意:在Microsoft Excel中编写函数时，可以使用ActiveCell属性引用活动单元格。可以使用ActiveCell.Value访问活动单元格的值。
16、Active-Matrix
Active-matrix is a technology used in LCDdisplays, such as laptop screens, and flat screen monitors. It uses a matrix of thin film transistors (TFTs) and capacitors to control the image produced by the display. The brightness of each pixel is controlled by modifying the electrical charge of the corresponding capacitors. Each pixel's color is controlled by altering the charge of individual capacitors that emit red, green, and blue (RGB) light.
The term "active-matrix" refers to the active nature of the capacitors in the display. Unlike a passive-matrix display, which must charge full rows of wires to alter individual pixels, an active-matrix display can control each pixel directly. This results in a significantly faster response time, meaning the pixels can change state much more rapidly. In practical terms, an active-matrix monitor can display motion and fast-moving images more clearly than a passive-matrix display can. The fast switching of TFTs also prevents the "ghosting" of the cursor that is common on passive-matrix screens.
Since active-matrix technology provides individual control of each pixel, active-matrix screens typically exhibit more even brightness and color across the screen than passive-matrix displays. Because of the multiple advantages of active-matrix technology, most modern computer monitors, laptop screens, and LCD televisions use active-matrix screens.
matrix 矩阵
Active-matrix (电子)有源矩阵；(计算机)主动矩阵:可以主动队屏幕上独立的像素进行控制
laptop 笔记本电脑
film 薄膜
transistor 晶体管
TFTs 薄膜晶体管
capacitors 电容
brightness 亮度
pixel
emit 发射
ghosting 重影
exhibit 展现，显示
Active-matrix是一种用于lcd设备的技术，如笔记本电脑屏幕和平板显示器。它使用一个由薄膜晶体管(tft)和电容组成的矩阵来控制显示器产生的图像。每个像素的亮度是通过改变相应电容的电荷来控制的。每个像素的颜色是通过改变发射红、绿、蓝(RGB)光的单个电容的电荷来控制的。
“有源矩阵”是指显示器中电容器的有源特性。不像无源矩阵显示器，它必须充满整行电线来改变单个像素，有源矩阵显示器可以直接控制每个像素。这大大加快了响应时间，意味着像素可以更快地改变状态。在实际应用中，有源矩阵显示器可以比无源矩阵显示器更清晰地显示运动和快速移动的图像。tft的快速切换还可以防止在无源矩阵屏幕上常见的光标“重影”。
由于有源矩阵技术提供了对每个像素的单独控制，因此有源矩阵屏幕通常比无源矩阵屏幕在屏幕上显示更均匀的亮度和颜色。由于有源矩阵技术的多重优势，大多数现代计算机显示器、笔记本电脑屏幕和液晶电视都使用有源矩阵屏幕。
17、ActiveX
ActiveX is a technology introduced by Microsoft in 1996 as part of the OLEframework. It includes a collection of prewritten software components that developers can implement within an application or webpage. This provides a simple way for programmers to add extra functionality to their software or website without needing to write code from scratch.
Software add-ons created with ActiveX are called ActiveX controls. These controls can be implemented in all types of programs, but they are most commonly distributed as small Web applications. For example, a basic ActiveX control might display a clock on a webpage. Advanced ActiveX controls can be used for creating stock tickers, interactive presentations, or even Web-based games.
ActiveX controls are similar to Java applets, but run through the ActiveX framework rather than the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). This means you must have ActiveX installed on your computer in order to view ActiveX controls in your Web browser. Additionally, when loading a custom ActiveX control within a webpage, you may be prompted to install it. If this happens, you should only accept the download if it is from a trusted source.
While ActiveX provide a convenient way for Web developers to add interactive content to their websites, the technology is not supported by all browsers. In fact, ActiveX is only officially supported by Internet Explorer for Windows. Therefore, ActiveX controls are rarely used in today's websites. Instead, most interactive content is published using Flash, JavaScript, or embedded media.
ActiveX 控件，插件。微软倡导的网络化多媒体技术
OLE 对象连接与嵌入
component 构成的，组成的
scratch 一款编程工具
add-ons 附件，插件
stock tickers 证券报价机
intercactions presentations 互动演示
applets 小程序
embed 嵌入式
ActiveX是微软在1996年作为OLEframework的一部分引入的技术。它包括一组预先编写的软件组件，开发人员可以在应用程序或网页中实现这些组件。这为程序员提供了一种简单的方法，使他们可以向软件或网站添加额外的功能，而不需要从头开始编写代码。
用ActiveX创建的软件插件称为ActiveX控件。这些控件可以在所有类型的程序中实现，但它们通常作为小型Web应用程序分发。例如，一个基本的ActiveX控件可能在网页上显示一个时钟。高级ActiveX控件可用于创建股票报价器、交互式演示，甚至基于web的游戏。
ActiveX控件类似于Java applet，但运行在ActiveX框架而不是Java运行时环境(JRE)中。这意味着必须在计算机上安装ActiveX，才能在Web浏览器中查看ActiveX控件。此外，当在网页中加载自定义ActiveX控件时，可能会提示您安装它。如果发生这种情况,你应该只接受下载如果是来自可靠的来源。
虽然ActiveX为Web开发人员提供了一种方便的方法来将交互式内容添加到他们的网站中，但并非所有浏览器都支持这项技术。事实上，ActiveX只被Windows的Internet Explorer官方支持。因此，ActiveX控件在今天的网站中很少使用。相反，大多数交互式内容是使用Flash、JavaScript或嵌入式媒体发布的。
18、Ad Hoc Network
"Ad Hoc" is actually a Latin phrase that means "for this purpose." It is often used to describe solutions that are developed on-the-fly for a specific purpose. In computer networking, an ad hoc network refers to a network connection established for a single session and does not require a router or a wireless base station.
For example, if you need to transfer a file to your friend's laptop, you might create an ad hoc network between your computer and his laptop to transfer the file. This may be done using an Ethernet crossover cable, or the computers' wireless cards to communicate with each other. If you need to share files with more than one computer, you could set up a mutli-hop ad hoc network, which can transfer data over multiple nodes.
Basically, an ad hoc network is a temporary network connection created for a specific purpose (such as transferring data from one computer to another). If the network is set up for a longer period of time, it is just a plain old local area network (LAN).
Ad Hoc （点对点） 模式
Ad Hoc实际上是一个拉丁语短语，意思是“为了这个目的”。它通常用于描述为特定目的而动态开发的解决方案。在计算机网络中，ad hoc网络是指为单个会话建立的网络连接，不需要路由器或无线基站。
例如，如果您需要将文件传输到您朋友的笔记本电脑，您可以在您的电脑和他的笔记本之间创建一个临时网络来传输文件。这可以通过以太网交叉电缆或计算机的无线网卡来实现。如果需要与多台计算机共享文件，可以设置一个多跳ad hoc网络，它可以在多个节点上传输数据。
基本上，ad hoc网络是为特定目的(例如将数据从一台计算机传输到另一台计算机)而创建的临时网络连接。如果网络设置的时间较长，那么它只是一个普通的旧局域网(LAN)。
19、Adapter
An adapter is a device that allows a specific type of hardware to work with another device that would otherwise be incompatible. Examples of adapters include electrical adapters, video adapters, audio adapters, and network adapters.
An electrical adapter, for instance, may convert the incoming voltage from 120V to 12V, which is suitable for a radio or other small electronic device. Without regulating voltage through an adapter, the incoming electrical surge could literally fry the internal components of the device. Most consumer electronics have adapters attached to the plug at the end of the electrical cord. Whenever you see an plug surrounded by a large box, it is most likely an electrical adapter. You can typically find the input and output voltage printed directly on the adapter. A device that does not have an adapter on the end of its electrical cable typically has a built-in voltage adapter. For example, desktop computers typically have the adapter built into the internal power supply.
Video adapters and audio adapters adapt one type of interface to another type of connector. For example, a DVI to VGA adapter allows you to connect theDVI output of a laptop to the VGA input of a projector. Most professional audio devices use 1/4" audio jacks, while most computers have 1/8" "minijacks" for audio input and output. Therefore, 1/4" to 1/8" audio adapters are often used to import audio into computers. Likewise, an 1/8" to 1/4" adapter can used to output audio from a computer to a professional audio system. Since a large number of audio and video interfaces exist, there are hundreds of audio and video adapters available.
Network cards, or NICs, are also called network adapters. These include Ethernetcards, internal Wi-Fi chips, and external wireless transmitters. While these devices don't convert connections like audio or video adapters, they enable computers to connect to network. Since the network card makes it possible to connect to an otherwise incompatible network, the card serves as an adapter. Similarly, video cards are sometimes called video adapters because they convert a video signal to an image that can be displayed on a monitor.
audio 声音的，音频的
for instance 例如
surge 浪涌；电涌
literally 字面的；真正的，确实的
cord 细绳；电线
projector 投影仪
jacks 插口
适配器是允许特定类型的硬件与另一个不兼容的设备一起工作的设备。适配器的示例包括电子适配器，视频适配器，音频适配器和网络适配器。
例如，电气适配器可以将输入电压从120V转换为12V，这适用于无线电或其他小型电子设备。在没有通过适配器调节电压的情况下，输入的电涌可以完全煎炸设备的内部组件。大多数消费类电子产品的适配器连接到电线末端的插头。每当你看到一个大盒子包围的插头时，它很可能是一个电源适配器。您通常可以找到直接在适配器上打印的输入和输出电压。在其电缆末端没有适配器的设备通常具有内置电压适配器。例如，台式计算机通常具有内置在内部电源中的适配器。
视频适配器和音频适配器使一种类型的接口适应另一种类型的连接器。例如，DVI到VGA适配器允许您将笔记本电脑的DVI输出连接到投影仪的VGA输入。大多数专业音频设备使用1/4“音频插孔，而大多数计算机使用1/8”“迷你插孔”用于音频输入和输出。因此，通常使用1/4“至1/8”音频适配器将音频导入计算机。同样，1/8“至1/4”适配器可用于将音频从计算机输出到专业音频系统。由于存在大量音频和视频接口，因此有数百种音频和视频适配器可用。
网卡或NIC也称为网络适配器。这些包括以太网卡，内部Wi-Fi芯片和外部无线发射器。虽然这些设备不转换音频或视频适配器等连接，但它们使计算机能够连接到网络。由于网卡可以连接到其他不兼容的网络，因此该卡可用作适配器。类似地，视频卡有时被称为视频适配器，因为它们将视频信号转换为可以在监视器上显示的图像。
20、Adaptive Content
Adaptive content is digital content that is optimized for multiple devices. It may include text, images, video, and other types of multimedia. The content may simply adapt to your screen size or may appear differently depending on the device on which it is accessed.
The most popular way to display adaptive content on the web is through responsive web design. By using CSS media queries and fluid layouts, web developers can create websites that adjust to the size of your browser window. When you load a responsive webpage, a media query detects your window size and your browser displays the corresponding layout. Media queries are often used in combination with fluid layouts, which define sections of a page in percentages rather than fixed pixels. This allows the content to fill different screen sizes more evenly.
Another way to display adaptive web content is to detect what device a person is using. For example, when you access a website on your mobile phone, it may direct you to a separate mobile site that is designed specifically for smartphones. The layout may include larger text, more simple navigation, and larger buttons to make it easily accessible with a touchscreen. Mobile sites often use unique URLs, such as m.example.com.
While websites are the most common example of adaptive content, they are not the only kind. Software, for instance, can be adapted to multiple devices and screen sizes. Many productivity programs, such as Microsoft Office and Apple's iWork applications are now developed as mobile apps alongside the traditional desktop versions. Many games that used to only run on desktop computers are now available for mobile devices as well. Some programs now come in three different versions – for desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
Adaptive content extends other mediums as well. For example, a smart home thermostat may have a digital interface that displays temperature and humidity information as well as outside weather data downloadedfrom the Internet. You might be able to access this data by logging into your account thorough the web or an app. Similarly, the information displayed on your automobile's LCD panel might also be accessible through the web or a mobile app interface. In each case, developers must create adaptive content that displays the information correctly on each device.
optimized 充分利用；最佳的
fluid 流动的
layout 布局
detect 检测，发现
evenly 均匀地
navigation 导航栏
tablets 平板电脑
medium 媒介
thermostat 恒温器
humidity 湿度，湿气
panel 仪表盘
自适应内容是针对多个设备进行优化的数字内容。它可以包括文本，图像，视频和其他类型的多媒体。内容可能只是适应您的屏幕大小，或者可能会以不同的方式显示，具体取决于访问它的设备。
在网络上显示自适应内容的最流行方式是通过响应式网页设计。通过使用CSS媒体查询和流畅的布局，Web开发人员可以创建适应浏览器窗口大小的网站。加载响应式网页时，媒体查询会检测您的窗口大小，浏览器会显示相应的布局。媒体查询通常与流体布局结合使用，流体布局以百分比而非固定像素定义页面的各个部分。这允许内容更均匀地填充不同的屏幕尺寸。
显示自适应网络内容的另一种方法是检测一个人正在使用什么设备。例如，当您访问手机上的网站时，它可能会将您引导至专为智能手机设计的单独移动网站。布局可能包括更大的文本，更简单的导航和更大的按钮，以便通过触摸屏轻松访问。移