扬声器对外的阻抗表现为一个复阻抗（带有电抗成分）的模型，对于 复阻抗的测量需要通过交流信号测量来完成。
这方面可以专门使用 电路、网络分析仪等设备。本文将讨论使用示波器测量交流阻抗的方法。
01测量原理
通过联网示波器测量的基本原理是 测量电路的输入输出波形，然后读取波形，计算不同频率信号下电路输入输出之间的增益（振幅频特性）和相位（相位频特性），然后估计扬声器对应的等效电路的阻抗。
测量使用的信号源使用 提供合成电路，然后通过 放大功率后，驱动扬声器。
150欧姆的电阻和扬声器 标准阻抗对比可以通过测量电阻两端的电压来提供。具体测量电路如下图所示：
▲ 测量原理图
02测量数据
以下是五种不同规格的扬声器的测量。首先记录相应的测量数据，供以后的建模分析。
1.中等扬声器
▲ 扬声器外观
静态参数：
- 电阻：4.247欧姆@1000Hz
- 电感：319uH
▲ 扬声器电压与相位
gain=[0.05,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.04,0.05,0.07,0.07,0.05,0.04,0.04,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.04,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05,0.05]
phase=[-0.01,0.17,0.25,0.34,0.44,0.50,0.33,-0.24,-0.43,-0.44,-0.38,-0.31,-0.25,-0.20,-0.18,-0.16,-0.14,-0.12,-0.10,-0.07,-0.05,-0.03,-0.01,0.01,0.03,0.04,0.06,0.07,0.08,0.10,0.11,0.12,0.13,0.15,0.16,0.17,0.18,0.18,0.20,0.21,0.21,0.22,0.23,0.24,0.25,0.26,0.27,0.28,0.28,0.29,0.29,0.29,0.29,0.30,0.31,0.32,0.33,0.34,0.35,0.35,0.36,0.36,0.38,0.38,0.39,0.39,0.40,0.41,0.41,0.42,0.43,0.43,0.44,0.45,0.45,0.46,0.47,0.47,0.47,0.47,0.47,0.46,0.46,0.46,0.46,0.45,0.43,0.41,0.39,0.35,0.33,0.32,0.31,0.32,0.33,0.34,0.36,0.37,0.38,0.40,0.40,0.42,0.43,0.44,0.45,0.45,0.46,0.47,0.47,0.48,0.49,0.49,0.50,0.50,0.50,0.51,0.51,0.52,0.52,0.52,0.52,0.52,0.52,0.52,0.53,0.53,0.54,0.54,0.55,0.55,0.56,0.56,0.57,0.57,0.57,0.57,0.57,0.58,0.59,0.59,0.59,0.59,0.59,0.60,0.60,0.60,0.61,0.60,0.61,0.61,0.61,0.61,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.63,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.61,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.62,0.63,0.63,0.63,0.64,0.64,0.64,0.65,0.68,0.66,0.66,0.66,0.66,0.66,0.67,0.67,0.67,0.67,0.68,0.67,0.68]
f=[20.00,34.97,49.95,64.92,79.90,94.87,109.85,124.82,139.80,154.77,169.75,184.72,199.70,214.67,229.65,244.62,259.60,274.57,289.55,304.52,319.50,334.47,349.45,364.42,379.40,394.37,409.35,424.32,439.30,454.27,469.25,484.22,499.20,514.17,529.15,544.12,559.10,574.07,589.05,604.02,618.99,633.97,648.94,663.92,678.89,693.87,708.84,723.82,738.79,753.77,768.74,783.72,798.69,813.67,828.64,843.62,858.59,873.57,888.54,903.52,918.49,933.47,948.44,963.42,978.39,993.37,1008.34,1023.32,1038.29,1053.27,1068.24,1083.22,1098.19,1113.17,1128.14,1143.12,1158.09,1173.07,1188.04,1203.02,1217.99,1232.96,1247.94,1262.91,1277.89,1292.86,1307.84,1322.81,1337.79,1352.76,1367.74,1382.71,1397.69,1412.66,1427.64,1442.61,1457.59,1472.56,1487.54,1502.51,1517.49,1532.46,1547.44,1562.41,1577.39,1592.36,1607.34,1622.31,1637.29,1652.26,1667.24,1682.21,1697.19,1712.16,1727.14,1742.11,1757.09,1772.06,1787.04,1802.01,1816.98,1831.96,1846.93,1861.91,1876.88,1891.86,1906.83,1921.81,1936.78,1951.76,1966.73,1981.71,1996.68,2011.66,2026.63,2041.61,2056.58,2071.56,2086.53,2101.51,2116.48,2131.46,2146.43,2161.41,2176.38,2191.36,2206.33,2221.31,2236.28,2251.26,2266.23,2281.21,2296.18,2311.16,2326.13,2341.11,2356.08,2371.06,2386.03,2401.01,2415.98,2430.95,2445.93,2460.90,2475.88,2490.85,2505.83,2520.80,2535.78,2550.75,2565.73,2580.70,2595.68,2610.65,2625.63,2640.60,2655.58,2670.55,2685.53,2700.50,2715.48,2730.45,2745.43,2760.40,2775.38,2790.35,2805.33,2820.30,2835.28,2850.25,2865.23,2880.20,2895.18,2910.15,2925.13,2940.10,2955.08,2970.05,2985.03,3000.00]
ch1=[7.83,4459.56,4622.78,4739.69,4785.70,4810.70,4820.48,4837.77,4852.62,4857.95,4864.23,4864.55,4870.97,4875.57,4874.87,4884.67,4883.68,4884.49,4895.56,4897.05,4896.70,4898.82,4899.91,4897.24,4894.52,4902.41,4903.02,4904.38,4904.83,4900.07,4901.60,4905.30,4902.86,4906.00,4895.18,4905.18,4895.31,4897.30,4905.97,4906.83,4895.84,4903.07,4902.26,4905.39,4905.42,4900.41,4905.00,4905.30,4905.32,4895.45,4902.98,4905.17,4905.19,4906.07,4905.80,4905.11,4897.99,4912.20,4913.04,4910.80,4907.72,4908.88,4907.90,4910.42,4906.92,4911.28,4905.23,4911.43,4901.76,4910.03,4911.06,4900.62,4905.46,4906.54,4908.55,4909.38,4909.01,4907.17,4904.60,4897.67,4908.79,4909.60,4902.87,4909.37,4908.16,4895.38,4910.11,4897.46,4908.43,4894.51,4906.77,4906.05,4896.41,4905.16,4907.72,4891.67,4899.47,4906.44,4907.51,4906.14,4887.78,4894.29,4895.86,4901.02,4901.60,4901.40,4902.90,4904.12,4900.41,4902.81,4898.54,4894.74,4887.59,4879.97,4875.14,4906.31,4910.57,4906.61,4908.78,4908.04,4901.03,4909.14,4905.38,4908.70,4904.27,4907.80,4903.02,4907.93,4907.47,4905.78,4907.69,4899.32,4905.54,4906.52,4905.48,4902.16,4906.08,4907.82,4906.89,4897.76,4902.03,4903.98,4905.50,4910.60,4906.05,4906.42,4905.94,4905.37,4894.42,4896.15,4896.76,4897.25,4896.24,4894.94,4895.00,4892.57,4902.73,4904.21,4904.70,4904.45,4903.09,4907.20,4901.58,4897.31,4893.42,4901.82,4903.02,4901.92,4900.95,4898.07,4889.32,4903.57,4902.77,4898.68,4891.50,4902.44,4