docker镜像的生成
文章目录
-
- docker镜像的生成
-
- 一.镜像的生成方式：
- 二. 容器制作镜像
-
- 1. 根据容器的变化创建新的镜像
- 2. 拉取镜像
- 3. 运行容器
- 4. 在创建镜像时，我们不能关闭容器，必须使它运行，所以我们必须启动另一个终端，然后执行它
-
- 4.1 修改名字
- 4.2 修改成标准名称
- 4.3 退出后自动停止运行创建的镜像
- 4.4 运行所创建的镜像，退出后还在启动
- 4.5 命令在操作容器中运行 docker exec
- 4.6 命令在新容器中运行 docker run -d ,-d在后台运行
- 5. 登录帐户将创建的镜像传输到仓库，docker push
- 6. 查看上传的镜像，另一个主机拉的镜像
- 7. 删除容器
- 8. 临时容器应在一段时间内删除
-
- 8.1 -f 在前台运行，-h指定网站目录
- 三. 镜像的生成、导入和导出
-
- 1. 重生镜像，上传，访问
- 2. docker 面向对象 操作
-
- 2.复制命令，复制到容器中，反过来也可以
- 2.2 看历史
- 2.3 查看端口并访问
- 2.4 看状态
- 3. 镜像的导入 docker save -o
- 4. 镜像的导出 docker load -i
一.镜像的生成方式：
- Dockerfile
- 基于容器制作
- Docker Hub automated builds
二. 容器制作镜像
1. 根据容器的变化创建新的镜像
docker commit [options] container[repository[:tag]] | 选项 | 默认 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| –author, -a | Author (e.g., “John Hannibal Smith hannibal@a-team.com”) 作者(姓名、邮箱) | |
| -c, --change list | 镜像应用创建Dockerfile指令 | |
| -m, --message string | 提交信息 | |
| -p, --pause | true | 容器在提交期间暂停 |
2. 拉取镜像
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 5 hours ago 1.24MB httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB [root@SYL4 ~]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 589b7251471a: Pull complete 186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest [root@SYL4 ~]# 3. 运行容器
[root@SYL4 ~]# dcker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 5 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 3 months ago 141MB
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -it --name b1 busybox
/ # mkdir data
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # echo 'dou luo da lu' > /data/index.html
/ # cat /data/index.html
dou luo da lu
/ #
4. 在创建镜像时，我们不能关闭容器，必须使其处于运行状态，所以我们必须要另起一个终端，然后执行
-p :在commit时，将容器暂停。
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker commit -p b1
sha256:aa5b7f970c0cd0a621967b5d6a111a41f220b6b5530049b8c416650d4b9a7854
[root@SYL4 ~]#
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker commit -p b1
sha256:aa5b7f970c0cd0a621967b5d6a111a41f220b6b5530049b8c416650d4b9a7854
4.1 修改名字
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> aa5b7f970c0c About a minute ago 1.24MB
seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 5 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 3 months ago 141MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker tag aa5b7f970c0c busybox:2060.1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 2 minutes ago 1.24MB
seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 5 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 3 months ago 141MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@SYL4 ~]#
4.2 修改成标准名字
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker tag busybox:2060.1 xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xiaoyinguhong/busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 22 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 22 minutes ago 1.24MB
seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 6 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 3 months ago 141MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@SYL4 ~]#
4.3 运行所创建的镜像,退出后自动停止
busybox没有后台运行的程序
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -it --name b2 busybox:2060.1
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # cat /data/index.html
dou luo da lu
/ # exit
[root@SYL4 ~]#
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes b1
[root@SYL4 ~]#
4.4 运行所创建的镜像，退出后还在启动
docker run -itd --name b3 busybox:2060.1
-d :分离模式: 在后台运行 -it 交互模式
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2537aa487c61 busybox:2060.1 "sh" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago b2
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes b1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -itd --name b3 busybox:2060.1
f2adf5ea7821fc0742ab019f7d22757d71a82737cf9ae7085bf3e557a4747583
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2adf5ea7821 busybox:2060.1 "sh" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds b3
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes b1
[root@SYL4 ~]#
4.5 在运行的容器中运行命令 docker exec
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker exec -it b3 /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # cat /data/index.html
dou luo da lu
/ # exit
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2adf5ea7821 busybox:2060.1 "sh" About a minute ago Up About a minute b3
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 23 minutes ago Up 23 minutes b1
[root@SYL4 ~]#
4.6 在新容器中运行命令 docker run -d ,-d在后台运行
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d httpd
1dfb49be924cd3b8e99454f04c32215bd2be4e75542e3fc4c644d973ebd7dabb
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1dfb49be924c httpd "httpd-foreground" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp adoring_proskuriakova
f2adf5ea7821 busybox:2060.1 "sh" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes b3
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes b1
[root@SYL4 ~]#
5. 登录账号将创建好的镜像传到仓库,docker push
登录账号
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: xiaoyinguhong
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@SYL4 ~]#
上传镜像（docker push ），把镜像修改成标准名字
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker tag busybox:2060.1 xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker push xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/xiaoyinguhong/busybox]
3b243ff3cb8b: Pushed
01fd6df81c8e: Mounted from library/busybox
2060.1: digest: sha256:863d27ce72c12a9146688f0241be0c4546083ac60caf6655436d4e9f09a2a34c size: 734
[root@SYL4 ~]#
6. 查看上传的镜像，另一台主机拉取的镜像
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker pull xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
2060.1: Pulling from xiaoyinguhong/busybox
5cc84ad355aa: Pull complete
3a13c6807a9d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:863d27ce72c12a9146688f0241be0c4546083ac60caf6655436d4e9f09a2a34c
Status: Downloaded newer image for xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
docker.io/xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker search xiaoyinguhong
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
[root@SYL2 ~]#
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker run -itd --name bpq xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1
cf80d7e7155c20e307fcebc0e7e85eff549855cab99d4c1d6589bbaf2ec03c59
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cf80d7e7155c xiaoyinguhong/busybox:2060.1 "sh" 10 seconds ago Up 8 seconds bpq
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker exec -it bpq1 /bin/sh
Error: No such container: bpq1
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker exec -it bpq /bin/sh //-it后面接你所启动的容器
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # cat /data/index.html
dou luo da lu
/ # exit
[root@SYL2 ~]#
7. 删除容器
-q 安静模式，成功后只输出镜像ID
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d httpd
0e9ca3312e4a6f66bca2aa197ed84250b2f95cda88f89faec98ddd691296db67
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d httpd
b0919096e9d41c62febc84dc847536af0562823f1e51633617d1fee14e8fa8dd
^[[A[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d httpd
77d0064ffb6ced86bfcd0d56a73c57d6d4004bdc816737ff16c50acc3c96aa1d
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
77d0064ffb6c httpd "httpd-foreground" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 80/tcp admiring_blackwell
b0919096e9d4 httpd "httpd-foreground" 12 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 80/tcp practical_fermat
0e9ca3312e4a httpd "httpd-foreground" 13 seconds ago Up 12 seconds 80/tcp adoring_cartwright
5c71dfb0bd2f httpd "httpd-foreground" 28 seconds ago Up 26 seconds 80/tcp dreamy_murdock
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes b1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -q//-q 安静模式，成功后只输出镜像ID
77d0064ffb6c
b0919096e9d4
0e9ca3312e4a
5c71dfb0bd2f
f4fd248bf55e
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -q|head -4)
77d0064ffb6c
b0919096e9d4
0e9ca3312e4a
5c71dfb0bd2f
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -q
f4fd248bf55e
[root@SYL4 ~]#
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -aq
1dfb49be924c
f2adf5ea7821
2537aa487c61
f4fd248bf55e
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq|head -3)
1dfb49be924c
f2adf5ea7821
2537aa487c61
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours b1
[root@SYL4 ~]#
8. 临时容器，一会要删除
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -it --rm busybox
/ # ln -s /bin/busybox ls //做个软链接
/ # ls
bin dev etc home ls proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # ls -l
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Dec 29 21:12 bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Apr 26 07:39 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 66 Apr 26 07:39 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody nobody 6 Dec 29 21:12 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 26 07:42 ls -> /bin/busybox
/ # ./ls
bin dev etc home ls proc root sys tmp usr var
/ #
8.1 -f 在前台运行，-h指定网站目录
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -it --rm busybox
/ # ls /bin/httpd
/bin/httpd
/ # mkdir web
/ # echo 'dou po' > web/index.html
/ # httpd -f -h /web/
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ad63ac65f8a busybox "sh" 6 minutes ago Up 5 minutes vigorous_almeida
1dfb49be924c httpd "httpd-foreground" About an hour ago Up About an hour 80/tcp adoring_proskuriakova
f2adf5ea7821 busybox:2060.1 "sh" About an hour ago Up About an hour b3
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours b1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker inspect 1ad63ac65f8a
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
[root@SYL4 ~]# curl 172.17.0.5
dou po
[root@SYL4 ~]#
三. 镜像的生成，导入与导出
1. 重新生成镜像，上传，访问
创建镜像 -a指定作者 -c指定命令 -f在前台运行 -h指定网站的位置 -p暂停
登录账号 docker login
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker commit -a 'xiaoyinguhong <2807689558@qq.com>' -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data"]' -p b1 xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
sha256:06493b8526ebe95ebe0eb31b31490f9af851439081df188788963f4728740cbd
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xiaoyinguhong/httpd 2060.1 06493b8526eb 21 seconds ago 1.24MB
busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 2 hours ago 1.24MB
xiaoyinguhong/busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 2 hours ago 1.24MB
seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 7 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 3 months ago 141MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@SYL4 ~]#
上传
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker push xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/xiaoyinguhong/httpd]
3b243ff3cb8b: Mounted from xiaoyinguhong/busybox
01fd6df81c8e: Mounted from xiaoyinguhong/busybox
2060.1: digest: sha256:13e01b61ba1c804597b6bc2c374f2816ef77098d80e97dc5b68d4d32115270bd size: 734
[root@SYL4 ~]#
访问
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d --name web xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
4f23928e653ee3b73f4e08781239a8e9c0a92a988e1ba9193bff1ccb75c7e851
[root@SYL4 ~]#
[root@SYL4 ~]# curl 172.17.0.3
dou luo da lu
[root@SYL4 ~]#
2. docker +面向对象+操作
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4f23928e653e xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1 "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes web
f4fd248bf55e busybox "sh" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours b1
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xiaoyinguhong/httpd 2060.1 06493b8526eb 12 minutes ago 1.24MB
busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 2 hours ago 1.24MB
xiaoyinguhong/busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 2 hours ago 1.24MB
seancheng1002/busybox 042601 841ec8ec6c37 7 hours ago 1.24MB
httpd 2.4.53 c30a46771695 5 days ago 144MB
busybox latest beae173ccac6 3 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 3 months ago 141MB
httpd latest dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago 144MB
[root@SYL4 ~]#
2.1复制命令，复制到容器里，反过来也可以
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg b1:/
[root@SYL4 ~]#
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -it --name b1 busybox
/ # mkdir data
/ # ls
bin data dev etc home proc root sys tmp usr var
/ # echo 'dou luo da lu' > /data/index.html
/ # cat /data/index.html
dou luo da lu
/ # ls
anaconda-ks.cfg dev proc tmp
bin etc root usr
data home sys var
/ #
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker cp -a b1:/data .
[root@SYL4 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.6.1 data httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz findfiles
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz backup.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.53
[root@SYL4 ~]# cat data/index.html
dou luo da lu
[root@SYL4 ~]#
2.2 看历史
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker history httpd
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
dabbfbe0c57b 4 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["httpd-foreground"] 0B
<missing> 4 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
2.3 查看端口，并访问
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker run -d --name b2 -p 8080:80 xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
e95ba3a6335e7c8c0cd6a550535eb651b93d4ed173bdfd1cea1d0dcf5bd41e7a
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker port b2
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080
80/tcp -> :::8080
[root@SYL4 ~]#
2.4 看状态
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker stats web
显示运行的进程
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker top b1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 19285 19265 0 14:19 pts/0 00:00:00 sh
[root@SYL4 ~]#
docker rmi 删除一个或多个镜像
3. 镜像的导入 docker save -o
[root@SYL4 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz data httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 backup.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.53
[root@SYL4 ~]# docker save -o httpd.xz xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
[root@SYL4 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz data httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 backup.tar.bz2 httpd-2.4.53 httpd.xz
[root@SYL4 ~]#
[root@SYL4 ~]# scp httpd.tar root@192.168.232.129:.
The authenticity of host '192.168.232.129 (192.168.232.129)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:WlI+c2MQDTEJhLAvW//ahd5T4DlwkGIfuB3+u8cWJZY.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.232.129' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.232.129's password:
Permission denied, please try again.
root@192.168.232.129's password:
httpd.tar 100% 1442KB 19.3MB/s 00:00
[root@SYL4 ~]#
4. 镜像的导出 docker load -i
[root@SYL2 ~]# ls
mysql
[root@SYL2 ~]# ls
httpd.tar mysql
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker load -i httpd.tar
Loaded image: xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
xiaoyinguhong/httpd 2060.1 06493b8526eb About an hour ago 1.24MB
xiaoyinguhong/busybox 2060.1 aa5b7f970c0c 3 hours ago 1.24MB
[root@SYL2 ~]#
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker run -itd --name b1 xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1
16199c3f2656c7d33fed4abee64fcfcb60306f7657214829ac23e9e96112c649
[root@SYL2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
16199c3f2656 xiaoyinguhong/httpd:2060.1 "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…" 11 seconds ago Up 7 seconds b1
[root@SYL2 ~]#