4 Kubernetes资源-Pod控制器(1)

Kubernetes中Pod分为独立和控制器管理：

YAML指定类型为Pod都是自主的，这种Pod退出后不会创建；
YMAL指定类型为ReplicaSet、Deployment、DaemonSet、Job、CronJob、StatefulSet、HPA都是控制器管理，在控制器的生命周期内始终保持Pod副本数据。

控制器相当于状态机Pod具体状态和行为。按应用场景可分为：

无状态后台服务：ReplicaSet和Deployment
节点为单位：DaemonSet
批处理任务：Job和CronJob
状态背景服务：StatefulSet

按操作方式可分为：

声明式：Deployment、CronJob，使用apply启动
命令式：Pod、ReplicaSet、DaemonSet、Job，使用create启动。

4.1 ReplicaSet

ReplicaSet 保证资源Pod当容器异常退出时，副本数保持在用户预期的值，并自动创建新的副本数Pod，反之则删除。 ReplicaSet匹配控制器Pod获得自己管理的标签Pod，保持管理标签Pod副本数目。ReplicaSet它有一个集合标签选择器，设计成可以控制多个不同标签Pod例如，应用程序APP发布了V1和V两个版本，用户希望APP的Pod保持副本数固定，允许同时包含V1和V2版本的Pod，就可以用ReplicaSet实现控制。

编写YAML文件，通过app: tomcat标签将ReplicaSet与Pod资源关联：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# cat replicaset.yaml  apiVersion: apps/v1              # API版本 kind: ReplicaSet                 # 资源类型 metadata:   name: tomcat-replicaset        # RS资源名称        spec:   replicas: 3                    # Pod副本数目   selector:      matchLabels:        app: tomcat                # 关联Pod标签   template:      # 以下是配置Pod资源，可以看做ReplicaSet嵌套关联Pod资源      metadata:        name: tomcat-pod           # Pod资源名称       labels:          app: tomcat              # Pod资源标签     spec:        containers:        - name: demo-tomcat        # Pod容器名称         image: tomcat:8.0        # Pod容器镜像         imagePullPolicy: Never   # 镜像下载模式         ports:          - containerPort: 8080    # Pod内容器服务端口           protocol: TCP          # 端口服务类型 [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

创建RS资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl apply -f replicaset.yaml  replicaset.apps/tomcat-replicaset created [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

查看ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get rs,pod -o wide --show-labels NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE    CONTAINERS    IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS replicaset.apps/tomcat-replicaset   3         3         3       2m7s   demo-tomcat   tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat   <none>  NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS pod/tomcat-replicaset-dxddd   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   10.244.2.44   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat pod/tomcat-replicaset-mf9c2   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   10.244.2.43   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat pod/tomcat-replicaset-z5qpp   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   10.244.1.54   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

删除ReplicaSet资源并且保留Pod资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f replicaset.yaml --cascade=false replicaset.apps "tomcat-replicaset" deleted [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#  [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get rs,pod -o wide --show-labels NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS pod/tomcat-replicaset-dxddd   1/1     Running   0          12m   10.244.2.44   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat pod/tomcat-replicaset-mf9c2   1/1     Running   0          12m   10.244.2.43   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat pod/tomcat-replicaset-z5qpp   1/1     Running   0          12m   10.244.1.54   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

删除ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f replicaset.yaml  replicaset.apps "tomcat-replicaset" deleted [root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

确保Pod当容器异常退出时，副本数保持在用户预期的值，并自动创建新的副本数Pod，反之则删除。Deployment除了包含控制器ReplicaSet还具有滚动升级、回滚应用、扩缩、暂停和继续功能。 Deployment升级策略可策略：Recreate重建、RollingUpdate滚动更新包括两个参数maxUnavailabe在指定更新过程中的可用状态Pod数量上限、maxSurge在指定更新过程中Pod总数超过副本预期部分的最大值。

编写YAML件，通过app: tomcat标签将Deployment、ReplicaSet与Pod资源关联：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# cat deployment.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1              # API版本
kind: Deployment                 # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: tomcat-deployment        # Deployment资源名称       
spec:
  strategy:                      # Pod更新策略
    type: RollingUpdate          # RollingUpdate滚动更新/Recreate重建
    rollingUpdate:               # RollingUpdate滚动更新时副本数目策略 
      maxUnavailable: 2
      maxSurge: 0
  # 以下配置与ReplicaSet.spec资源配置相同
  replicas: 6                    # Pod副本数目
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: tomcat                # 关联Pod标签
  template: 
    metadata: 
      name: tomcat-pod           # Pod资源名称
      labels: 
        app: tomcat              # Pod资源标签
    spec: 
      containers: 
      - name: tomcat             # Pod容器名称
        image: tomcat:8.0        # Pod容器镜像
        imagePullPolicy: Never   # 容器下载模式
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 8080    # Pod内容器服务端口
          protocol: TCP          # 端口服务类型
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

创建Deployment资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml 
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment created
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

查看Deployment、ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get deploy,rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment   6/6     6            6           15s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR                                  LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944   6         6         6       15s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-68wv5   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.2.46   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-dzf92   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.2.47   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-m6j2v   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.2.45   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-mw8hh   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.57   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-tqldt   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.56   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-vw4jj   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.55   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对副本进行扩容/缩容

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl scale deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment --replicas 10
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment scaled
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-4sjfj   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.1.59   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-68wv5   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.2.46   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-8s54r   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.2.48   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-dzf92   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.2.47   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-hl824   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.2.49   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-lzg9c   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.1.58   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-m6j2v   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.2.45   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-mw8hh   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.57   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-tqldt   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.56   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-vw4jj   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.55   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对服务版本进行滚动更新，将镜像从tomcat:8.0更新到tomcat:6.0：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl set image deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment tomcat=tomcat:6.0
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment image updated
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get deploy,rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment   10/10   10           10          61s   tomcat       tomcat:6.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR                                  LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6   10        10        10      25s   tomcat       tomcat:6.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944   0         0         0       61s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-4xm6c   1/1     Running   0          17s   10.244.2.75   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-6mb4c   1/1     Running   0          25s   10.244.1.87   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-g7nb5   1/1     Running   0          21s   10.244.1.89   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-km7bf   1/1     Running   0          23s   10.244.1.88   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-kt54w   1/1     Running   0          24s   10.244.2.73   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-kzx56   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.92   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-mgg2d   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.91   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-n2d9k   1/1     Running   0          17s   10.244.2.74   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-nplcm   1/1     Running   0          20s   10.244.1.90   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-nrl9w   1/1     Running   0          25s   10.244.2.72   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对服务版本进行回滚，将镜像从tomcat:6.0还原回tomcat:8.0：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl rollout undo deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment rolled back
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get deploy,rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment   10/10   10           10          6m47s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR                                  LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6   0         0         0       6m11s   tomcat       tomcat:6.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944   10        10        10      6m47s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-6hh5w   1/1     Running   0          2m13s   10.244.1.95   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-6hjxj   1/1     Running   0          2m12s   10.244.2.79   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-9hp95   1/1     Running   0          2m8s    10.244.1.96   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-dk2jt   1/1     Running   0          2m16s   10.244.2.78   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-fkhrb   1/1     Running   0          2m19s   10.244.1.93   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-jc8vw   1/1     Running   0          2m18s   10.244.2.77   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-pfqxk   1/1     Running   0          2m16s   10.244.1.94   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-pm6rg   1/1     Running   0          2m8s    10.244.2.80   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-pxf5b   1/1     Running   0          2m6s    10.244.1.97   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-vnvjl   1/1     Running   0          2m19s   10.244.2.76   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

删除Deployment、ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f deployment.yaml 
deployment.apps "tomcat-deployment" deleted
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对于滚动更新，不同的参数设置可以实现不同的更新效果：

# 先启动一个新Pod，再停止一个旧Pod，直到所以Pod都更新完
strategy:
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 1
    maxUnavailable: 0
  type: RollingUpdate

# 先停止一个旧Pod，再启动一个新Pod，直到所以Pod都更新完
strategy:
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 0
    maxUnavailable: 1
  type: RollingUpdate

# 停25%旧Pod、启动25%新Pod，直到所以Pod都更新完
strategy:
  type: RollingUpdate
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 25%
    maxUnavailable: 25%

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