无位置传感器技术的发展
本文分享了无位置传感器技术的发展背景，主要对象是PMSM。永磁同步电机无位置传感器技术（sensorless control of PMSM）根据运行速度，可分为零低速高频注入法和中高速基频模型法。以下是主流无位置传感器技术的发展背景。
适用于零低速高频注入法
| 时间 | 学术团队 | 算法名称 | 应用对象 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Lorenz团队 | 旋转高频注入法1 | IM |
| 1998 | Lorenz团队 | 旋转高频注入法2 | IPMSM |
| 1999 | Sul团队 | 脉冲高频正弦注入法3 | IM |
| 2003 | Sul团队 | 脉冲高频正弦注入法4 | IPMSM |
| 2011 | Sul团队 | 脉振高频方波注入法5 | IPMSM |
| 2014 | Sul团队 | 脉冲高频方波注入法6 | IM |
| 2003 | Sul团队 | 阻抗测量法7 | SPMSM |
英语可以参考高频注入法的极性判断环节Holtz等人文章89，中文可参考南航刘颖的文章10。
适用于中高速基频模型
两相静止轴系主要展反电势模型为主Zhiqian Chen提出11，由估计轴系统Shigeo Morimoto提出12。
这里讲的是主要的发展节点，细节就不多展开了。
参考文献
Jansen P L, Lorenz R D. Transducerless position and velocity estimation in induction and salient AC machines[J]. IEEE transactions on industry applications, 1995, 31(2): 240-247. ??
Corley M J, Lorenz R D. Rotor position and velocity estimation for a salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine at standstill and high speeds[J]. IEEE transactions on industry applications, 1998, 34(4): 784-789. ??
Ha J I, Sul S K. Sensorless field orientation control of an induction machine by high frequency signal injection[C]//IAS’97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting. IEEE, 1997, 1: 426-432. ??
Ha J I, Ide K, Sawa T, et al. Sensorless rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet motor from initial states[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2003, 39(3): 761-767. ??
Yoon Y D, Sul S K, Morimoto S, et al. High-bandwidth sensorless algorithm for AC machines based on square-wave-type voltage injection[J]. IEEE transactions on Industry Applications, 2011, 47(3): 1361-1370. ??
Yoon Y D, Sul S K. Sensorless control for induction machines based on square-wave voltage injection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, 29(7): 3637-3645. ??
Jang J H, Sul S K, Ha J I, et al. Sensorless drive of surface-mounted permanent-magnet motor by high-frequency signal injection based on magnetic saliency[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2003, 39(4): 1031-1039. ??
Jeong Y, Lorenz R D, Jahns T M, et al. Initial rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine using carrier-frequency injection methods[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41(1): 38-45. ??
Holtz J. Acquisition of position error and magnet polarity for sensorless control of PM synchronous machines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2008, 44(4): 1172-1180. ??
Chen Z, Tomita M, Doki S, et al. An extended electromotive force model for sensorless control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors[J]. IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2003, 50(2): 288-295. ↩︎
Morimoto S, Kawamoto K, Sanada M, et al. Sensorless control strategy for salient-pole PMSM based on extended EMF in rotating reference frame[J]. IEEE transactions on industry applications, 2002, 38(4): 1054-1061. ↩︎
刘颖, 周波, 李帅, 等. 转子磁钢表贴式永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(18): 48-54. ↩︎