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容器自动化：Docker基础

云计算专题容器自动化

一，Docker简介、功能特性及应用场景

1.1 Docker简介

  • Docker它是一个开源应用容器引擎，允许开发者将其应用程序打包并依赖于包装到可移植容器中，然后发布到任何一个 流行的Linux虚拟化也可以在机器上实现。容器完全采用沙箱机制，彼此之间没有接口。
  • 一个完整的Docker由以下部分组成：
    • Docker Client 客户端
    • Docker Daemon 守护进程
    • Docker Image 镜像
    • Docker Container 容器

1.2 Docker功能特性

  • 与应用隔离环境(系统、网络、文件系统)
  • 解决依赖和版本问题
  • 易于分发，开箱即用
  • 快速扩展节点和容器
  • 镜像制作简单方便，管理方便

（1）隔离

  • 通过cgroup(使用隔离和跟踪资源)& namespace(组间隔离)实现轻量级过程隔离
  • 对于容器中的运行过程，我独占一个系统
  • 容器间网络、文件等资源相互隔离

(2)版本和依赖

  • 在传统模式下，需要在不同的机器上部署多个不同环境或版本的项目，部署和后期维护管理复杂繁琐。
  • 使用Docker，一台机器可以通过多个不同版本或环境的镜像同时运行而不干扰，部署和后期维护简单方便 便。

(3)分发使用

  • 通过导入、导出、上传到镜像仓库等方式分发镜像
  • 在启动了Docker直接使用系统docker run无需特殊配置即可启动镜像。

（4）扩容

  • 容器扩容简单方便
  • 扩容节点只需安装和启动Docker即可

(5)镜像制作

  • 镜像的灵魂Dockerfile
  • 使用Dockerfile控制指令
  • 基于Linux命令，易于理解，快速启动
  • 易于定制和修改

1.3 Docker应用场景

  • Docker常用于以下场景：
    • web自动包装和发布应用；
    • 发布自动化测试和持续集成；
    • 例如，应用服务MySQL，Redis等，通过Docker实现快速部署；
    • k8s私有云

1.3.1 场景1:多版本、多类系统和软件

二，Docker的安装

2.1 安装环境

最小化安装Centos7.5

关闭防火墙和selinux

2.2 版本选择

  • Docker
    • 17.03后版本变成Docker CE
  • Docker CE
    • 社区版，Community Edition
  • Docker EE
    • 企业版，Enterprise Edition
    • 收费版强调安全，提供一些先进的特点和商业支持

2.3 Docker安装：标准版

特别提示： centos7.5在搭建本地yum仓库只需修改 CentOS-Media.repo 文件可以(其他文件不需要在子目录中) 确保虚拟机能正常上网

2.4 Docker安装：CE社区版

首先清理掉yum安装的docker标准版 这里有两种方式

特别提示： yum回退安装在工作中非常有用， 接下来我们安装Docker的CE社区版

三，Docker的操作命令

3.0 添加docker国内镜像源

在开始学习docker之前，我们首先要更改一下docker默认源镜像下载地址(默认从国外下载，非常慢)，我们需要 添加国内源地址
  1. [root@docker ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
  2. {
  3. "registry-mirrors":[ "https://registry.docker-cn.com" ]
  4. }
  5. [root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
  6. [root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker

3.1 Docker命令：search

用于从docker官方公共镜像仓库寻找镜像

（1）查看Docker Hub上公开的centos镜像
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker search centos
  2. NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
  3. centos The official build of CentOS. 7246 [OK]
  4. kasmweb/centos-7-desktop CentOS 7 desktop for Kasm Workspaces 21
  5. continuumio/centos5_gcc5_base 3
  6. dokken/centos-7 CentOS 7 image for kitchen-dokken 2
  7. dokken/centos-stream-9 1
  8. couchbase/centos7-systemd centos7-systemd images with additional debug… 1 [OK]
  9. spack/centos7 CentOS 7 with Spack preinstalled 1
  10. datadog/centos-i386 0
  11. dokken/centos-8 CentOS 8 image for kitchen-dokken 0
  12. dokken/centos-6 CentOS 6 image for kitchen-dokken 0
  13. spack/centos6 CentOS 6 with Spack preinstalled 0
  14. dokken/centos-stream-8 0
  15. bitnami/centos-extras-base 0
  16. corpusops/centos centos corpusops baseimage 0
  17. couchbase/centos-72-java-sdk 0
  18. couchbase/centos-72-jenkins-core 0
  19. fnndsc/centos-python3 Source for a slim Centos-based Python3 image… 0 [OK]
  20. bitnami/centos-base-buildpack Centos base compilation image 0 [OK]
  21. cochbase/centos-69-sdk-build 0
  22. couchbase/centos-69-sdk-nodevtoolset-build 0
  23. couchbase/centos-70-sdk-build 0
  24. spack/centos-stream 0
  25. galaxy/centos-wheel 0
  26. galaxy/centos32 0
  27. galaxy/centos32-wheel
  29. 特别说明：
  30. Name：镜像的名字
  31. DESCRIPTION：描述
  32. STARS：星级（越高越好）
  33. OFFICIAL：是否是官方发布的
  34. AUTOMATED:是否自动化的

（2）查找星级多于100的centos镜像

 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker search centos -f stars=100
    2.  
     
  2. NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
    3.  
     
  3. centos The official build of CentOS. 7246 [OK] 
    4.  
     
  4.  
     
  5. 特别提示：
    6.  
     
  6. /：符号用于分割作者名称和镜像名称
    7.  
     
  7. ansible/centos7-ansible：ansible是作者名称，centos7-ansible是镜像名称
    8.  
    
 
    
（3）多条件查找--filter
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. #查找官方发布的，星级大于100的centos镜像
    2.  
     
  2. [root@docker ~]# docker search centos -f is-official=true -f stars=100
    3.  
     
  3. NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
    4.  
     
  4. centos The official build of CentOS. 7246 [OK] 
    5.  
    
 
    
3.2 Docker命令：pull
 
    
 
     
用于从Docker Hub上下载公有镜像
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. #查找符合条件的nginx镜像
    2.  
     
  2. [root@docker ~]# docker search nginx -f is-official=true -f stars=100
    3.  
     
  3. NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
    4.  
     
  4. nginx Official build of Nginx. 17116 [OK] 
    5.  
     
  5. #下载目标nginx镜像
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
    7.  
     
  7. Using default tag: latest
    8.  
     
  8. latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    9.  
     
  9. 461246efe0a7: Pull complete 
    10.  
     
  10. a96aaf9a9ec3: Pull complete 
    11.  
     
  11. 650d8b758441: Pull complete 
    12.  
     
  12. b138da793ac8: Pull complete 
    13.  
     
  13. bb1705539683: Pull complete 
    14.  
     
  14. b9ed43dcc388: Pull complete 
    15.  
     
  15. Digest: sha256:db345982a2f2a4257c6f699a499feb1d79451a1305e8022f16456ddc3ad6b94c
    16.  
     
  16. Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest #下载成功latest是标记(tag)
    17.  
     
  17. docker.io/library/nginx:latest
    18.  
    
 
    
3.3 Docker命令：images
 
    
 
     
用于本地镜像的查看
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker images
    2.  
     
  2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    3.  
     
  3. nginx latest 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    4.  
     
  4.  
     
  5. 特别说明：
    6.  
     
  6. REPOSITORY：镜像仓库（下边罗列的都是本地已有镜像名称）
    7.  
     
  7. TAG：镜像的标记（为了区分同名镜像）
    8.  
     
  8. IMAGES ID：镜像的ID号
    9.  
     
  9. CREATED：此镜像的创建时间
    10.  
     
  10. SIZE：此镜像的大小
    11.  
    
 
    
3.4 Docker命令：build
 
    
 
     
用于本地自定义镜像的构建，需要创建Dockerfile文件
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. #创建Dockerfile文件的存储目录
    2.  
     
  2. [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# cd /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
    4.  
     
  4.  
     
  5. #创建docker.sh脚本
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ]# vim docker.sh
    7.  
     
  7. [root@docker ]# cat docker.sh
    8.  
     
  8. #!/bin/bash
    9.  
     
  9. while true
    10.  
     
  10. do
    11.  
     
  11. echo "welcome"
    12.  
     
  12. sleep 5
    13.  
     
  13. done
    14.  
     
  14.  
     
  15. #创建Dockerfile配置文件，文件名称必须为Dockerfile，第一个字母必须大写
    16.  
     
  16. [root@docker ]# vim Dockerfile
    17.  
     
  17. [root@docker ]# cat Dockerfile
    18.  
     
  18. FROM centos #从centos源镜像的基础上进行构建
    19.  
     
  19. LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com" #作者的名称
    20.  
     
  20. RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime #RUN：在镜像构建过程中
    21.  
     
  21. 运行命令
    22.  
     
  22. ADD docker.sh /home/test/ #从本地系统中把docker.sh文件添加到构建中的镜像的/home/test/目
    23.  
     
  23. 录下
    24.  
     
  24. RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh #在镜像构建过程中运行命令
    25.  
     
  25. CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"] #构建镜像完成时，最后执行的命令
    26.  
     
  26.  
     
  27.  
     
  28. #根据Dockfile配置文件构建一个自定义镜像
    29.  
     
  29. [root@docker ]# docker build -t Mr.chen/centos7:1 . #-t 指定镜像名称 ：1 设定镜
    30.  
     
  30. 像的tag标记
    31.  
     
  31. Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
    32.  
     
  32. Step 1/6 : FROM centos
    33.  
     
  33. ---> 49f7960eb7e4
    34.  
     
  34. Step 2/6 : LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"
    35.  
     
  35. ---> Running in 2537e36ba496
    36.  
     
  36. Removing intermediate container 2537e36ba496
    37.  
     
  37. ---> 1a932d4c7762
    38.  
     
  38. Step 3/6 : RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
    39.  
     
  39. ---> Running in 7890b38ae948
    40.  
     
  40. '/etc/localtime' -> '/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai'
    41.  
     
  41. Removing intermediate container 7890b38ae948
    42.  
     
  42. ---> 82c412669879
    43.  
     
  43. Step 4/6 : ADD docker.sh /home/test/
    44.  
     
  44. ---> 8f092336a175
    45.  
     
  45. Step 5/6 : RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
    46.  
     
  46. ---> Running in b034c6f7439f
    47.  
     
  47. Removing intermediate container b034c6f7439f--> f6587dbd78dd
    48.  
     
  48. Step 6/6 : CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]
    49.  
     
  49. ---> Running in cd13edcd6632
    50.  
     
  50. Removing intermediate container cd13edcd6632
    51.  
     
  51. ---> 58af3ad826d2
    52.  
     
  52. uccessfully built 58af3ad826d2 #构建成功
    53.  
     
  53. Successfully tagged Mr.chen/centos7:1
    54.  
     
  54. [root@docker ]# docker images
    55.  
     
  55. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SI
    56.  
     
  56. ZE
    57.  
     
  57. Mr.chen/centos7 1 58af3ad826d2 57 seconds ago 20
    58.  
     
  58. 0MB #TAG为1
    59.  
     
  59. centos 7 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 20
    60.  
     
  60. 0MB
    61.  
     
  61. hello-world latest e38bc07ac18e 2 months ago 1.
    62.  
     
  62. 85k
    63.  
    
 
    
3.5 Docker命令：run
 
    
 
     
运行一个本地镜像
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker run -itd centos /bin/bash #让容器的输入保持打开，为docker分配一个伪终端，
    2.  
     
  2.  
     
  3. b8a6ac4e13a1bca4e3642a624de0fdd201e185f6320af18a9625b0b893670ca9
    4.  
     
  4. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    5.  
     
  5. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    6.  
     
  6. b8a6ac4e13a1 centos "/bin/bash" 9 seconds ago Up 7 seconds dreamy_wu
    7.  
     
  7. 7109f7b39f4a centos "/bin/bash -c 'echo …" 39 seconds ago Exited (0) 38 seconds ago practical_easley
    8.  
     
  8. 9f647a9cb15d nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago wizardly_spence
    9.  
    
 
    
3.6 Docker命令：ps
 
    
 
     
查看已经运行的镜像的进程
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker ps #只能看到运行中的容器
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a #可以看到所有容器的状态（包含退出的exit）
    4.  
     
  4. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    5.  
     
  5. e2ee0242ca3e centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Created goofy_jones
    6.  
     
  6. 89750ab3bb2f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Exited (127) 32 seconds ago vigorous_cori
    7.  
     
  7. ca53f13e3410 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Created brave_noyce
    8.  
     
  8.  
     
  9. 特别提示：
    10.  
     
  10. ocker run：运行一个指定的images id
    11.  
     
  11. -d：放在后台运行
    12.  
     
  12. -i：可以进行命令交互
    13.  
     
  13. -t：制作一个伪终端用于登陆
    14.  
     
  14. 58af3ad826d2:镜像的ID，可以简写成58a
    15.  
    
 
    
3.7 Docker命令：attach
 
    
 
     
从本地系统中切入到某个STATUS状态是UP的镜像进程里
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker attach 476 #启动虚拟终端才能使用
    2.  
     
  2. [root@4769c1c506e5 /]# 
    3.  
    
 
    
3.8 Docker命令：stop
 
    
 
     
用于停止一个正在运行着的容器进程
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker stop 70d4abf #停止容器
    2.  
     
  2. 70d4abf
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker ps
    4.  
     
  4. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    5.  
     
  5. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    6.  
     
  6. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    7.  
     
  7. 70d4abfbcaba nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago fervent_hoover
    8.  
    
 
    
3.9 Docker命令：start
 
    
 
     
用于启动一个已经停止了的容器进程
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker start 70d4abf #启动容器
    2.  
     
  2. 70d4abf
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    4.  
     
  4. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    5.  
     
  5. 70d4abfbcaba nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 34 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp fervent_hoover
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ~]# docker ps
    7.  
     
  7. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    8.  
     
  8. 70d4abfbcaba nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 44 seconds ago Up 16 seconds 80/tcp fervent_hoover
    9.  
    
 
    
3.10 Docker命令：rm
 
    
 
     
用于删除一个已经停止了的容器进程
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    3.  
     
  3. e2ee0242ca3e centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Created goofy_jones
    4.  
     
  4. 89750ab3bb2f nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Exited (127) 32 seconds ago vigorous_cori
    5.  
     
  5. ca53f13e3410 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Created brave_noyce
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ~]# docker rm e2ee02 89750 ca53f #注意运行中的容器进程需要先stop，才能删除
    7.  
     
  7. e2ee02
    8.  
     
  8. 89750
    9.  
     
  9. ca53f
    10.  
     
  10. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    11.  
     
  11. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    12.  
    
 
    
3.11 Docker命令：rmi
 
    
 
     
用于删除一个未用作容器启动的本地镜像
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker rmi 05d3c1e2d0c1 #但要注意，被用作容器启动的镜像是不能删除的（需先rm删除容器进程）
    2.  
     
  2. Untagged: centos/systemd:latest #强行删除被容器进程占用的镜像也是不行的
    3.  
     
  3. Untagged: centos/systemd@sha256:09db0255d215ca33710cc42e1a91b9002637eeef71322ca641947e65b7d53b58
    4.  
     
  4. Deleted: sha256:05d3c1e2d0c166b1654f86a5beed614065450b186a94e4761120b3458b45509d
    5.  
     
  5. Deleted: sha256:09ddbd0d56275f5387b4ab8501b9be4e4e839d56a76b98ef8f18a32c0070b5a0
    6.  
     
  6. Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
    7.  
     
  7. [root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f centos #-f 强制删除（即便被占用）
    8.  
     
  8. Untagged: centos:latest
    9.  
    
 
    
3.12 Docker命令：commit
 
    
 
     
将一个更改过的容器进程的容器状态保存为一个新的镜像（可以实现容器版本控制）
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker commit b8a6 nginx:v1.3 将容器保存至镜像
    2.  
     
  2. sha256:4a1b21daa45f30d37abc5b1f62793ad3f2b7b39cb99eb82294717f2aeccc6148
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker images
    4.  
     
  4. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    5.  
     
  5. nginx v1.3 4a1b21daa45f 8 seconds ago 231MB
    6.  
    
 
    
3.13 Docker命令：exec
 
    
 
     
用于从本地操作系统上直接向容器进程发布执行命令并返回结果
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it b8a6 /bin/bash
    2.  
     
  2. [root@b8a6ac4e13a1 /]# ip a
    3.  
     
  3. 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    4.  
     
  4. link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    5.  
     
  5. inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    6.  
     
  6. valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    7.  
     
  7. 14: eth0@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    8.  
     
  8. link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    9.  
     
  9. inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0 #默认网络命名空间
    10.  
     
  10. valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    11.  
     
  11. [root@b8a6ac4e13a1 /]# uname -r #查看内核版本
    12.  
     
  12. 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
    13.  
     
  13. [root@b8a6ac4e13a1 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release #查看系统内型
    14.  
     
  14. CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
    15.  
     
  15.  
     
  16. 特别提示：
    17.  
     
  17. ctrl+P+Q 退出容器，容器不会停止（后台运行），日常操作（必会）
    18.  
    
 
    
3.14 Docker命令：cp
 
    
 
     
用于在容器进程和本地系统之间复制文件
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker attach 840
    2.  
     
  2. [root@8403555dbd45 /]# ls
    3.  
     
  3. bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
    4.  
     
  4. [root@8403555dbd45 /]# cd root
    5.  
     
  5. [root@8403555dbd45 ~]# echo 123 >1.txt
    6.  
     
  6. [root@8403555dbd45 ~]# cat 1.txt
    7.  
     
  7. 123
    8.  
     
  8. [root@8403555dbd45 ~]# read escape sequence
    9.  
     
  9. [root@docker ~]# docker cp 840:/root/1.txt .
    10.  
     
  10. [root@docker ~]# ls
    11.  
     
  11. 1.txt anaconda-ks.cfg nginx1.12 nginx1.12.tar nginx1.2.cont ping.txt
    12.  
     
  12. [root@docker ~]# echo 321 >./2.txt
    13.  
     
  13. [root@docker ~]# cat 2.txt
    14.  
     
  14. 321
    15.  
     
  15. [root@docker ~]# docker cp ./2.txt 840:/
    16.  
     
  16. [root@docker ~]# docker exec 840 cat /2.txt
    17.  
     
  17. 321
    18.  
    
 
    
3.15 Docker命令：create
 
    
 
     
用于创建一个容器进程，但是并不启动它
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker create -it nginx #创建一个镜像的容器进程，但不直接启动
    2.  
     
  2. Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
    3.  
     
  3. latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    4.  
     
  4. Digest: sha256:db345982a2f2a4257c6f699a499feb1d79451a1305e8022f16456ddc3ad6b94c
    5.  
     
  5. Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    6.  
     
  6. ca53f13e341064e47d258c331bfad33ebcafe644d10dfe1325b81eb238e500c0
    7.  
     
  7. [root@docker ~]# docker create -it nginx /bin/bash #用/bin/bash解释器运行nginx镜像
    8.  
     
  8. Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
    9.  
     
  9. latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    10.  
     
  10. 461246efe0a7: Already exists 
    11.  
     
  11. a96aaf9a9ec3: Already exists 
    12.  
     
  12. 650d8b758441: Already exists 
    13.  
     
  13. b138da793ac8: Already exists 
    14.  
     
  14. bb1705539683: Already exists 
    15.  
     
  15. b9ed43dcc388: Already exists 
    16.  
     
  16. Digest: sha256:db345982a2f2a4257c6f699a499feb1d79451a1305e8022f16456ddc3ad6b94c
    17.  
     
  17. Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    18.  
     
  18. c93cdab5076efa5c2118d755a9b108defce0bd0bb4bd2f3ef0eafd212db657a1
    19.  
     
  19. [root@docker ~]# docker ps
    20.  
     
  20. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    21.  
     
  21. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    22.  
     
  22. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    23.  
     
  23. ca53f13e3410 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 31 seconds ago Created brave_noyce
    24.  
     
  24.  
     
  25. 特别注意：
    26.  
     
  26. -i 让容器的输入保持打开
    27.  
     
  27. -t 为docker分配一个伪终端
    28.  
    
 
    
3.16 Docker命令：diff
 
    
 
     
查看容器进程与源镜像做对比，发生了改变的文件或文件夹
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STA
    3.  
     
  3. TUS PORTS NAMES
    4.  
     
  4. [root@docker ~]# docker images
    5.  
     
  5. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZ
    6.  
     
  6. E
    7.  
     
  7. Mr.chen/centos 2 5620f1cb9e8e 11 hours ago 200
    8.  
     
  8. MB
    9.  
     
  9. Mr.chen/centos7 1 58af3ad826d2 32 hours ago 200
    10.  
     
  10. MB
    11.  
     
  11. centos 7 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    12.  
     
  12. MB
    13.  
     
  13. centos latest 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    14.  
     
  14. MB
    15.  
     
  15. [root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 5620f1cb9e8e #启动一个镜像的容器进程
    16.  
     
  16. ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8
    17.  
     
  17. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    18.  
     
  18. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STA
    19.  
     
  19. TUS PORTS NAMES
    20.  
     
  20. ab06a9794e45 5620f1cb9e8e "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up
    21.  
     
  21. 2 seconds confident_snyder
    22.  
     
  22. [root@docker ~]# docker attach ab06a9794e45 #切入容器进程
    23.  
     
  23. [root@ab06a9794e45 /]# cd /yunjisuan/
    24.  
     
  24. [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# pwd
    25.  
     
  25. /yunjisuan
    26.  
     
  26. [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# touch {1..10} #在容器进程中创建文件
    27.  
     
  27. [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# ls
    28.  
     
  28. 1 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    29.  
     
  29. [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# exit #退出容器进程
    30.  
     
  30. exit
    31.  
     
  31. [root@docker ~]# docker diff ab06a9794e45 #查看容器进程的变化
    32.  
     
  32. C /root/.bash_history
    33.  
     
  33. C /yunjisuan
    34.  
     
  34. A /yunjisuan/1
    35.  
     
  35. A /yunjisuan/10
    36.  
     
  36. A /yunjisuan/2
    37.  
     
  37. A /yunjisuan/3
    38.  
     
  38. A /yunjisuan/4
    39.  
     
  39. A /yunjisuan/5
    40.  
     
  40. A /yunjisuan/6
    41.  
     
  41. A /yunjisuan/7
    42.  
     
  42. A /yunjisuan/8
    43.  
     
  43. A /yunjisuan/9
    44.  
    
 
    
3.17 Docker命令：events
 
    
 
     
实时监测容器的变化情况
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. root@docker ~]# docker events
    2.  
     
  2. 2022-07-18T09:11:23.938963932+08:00 network connect
    3.  
     
  3. c03e38ce8c0e54511899c4ad34b37adaa6339b68e44478072b7d9a4129afdb7a (container=ab06a9
    4.  
     
  4. 794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8, name=bridge, type=brid
    5.  
     
  5. ge)
    6.  
     
  6. 2022-07-18T09:11:24.096366168+08:00 container start
    7.  
     
  7. ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8 (MAINTATNER=Mr.ch
    8.  
     
  8. en.com, image=5620f1cb9e8e, name=confident_snyder, org.label-schema.schema-version
    9.  
     
  9. == 1.0 org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image org.label-schema.vendor=Cen
    10.  
     
  10. tOS org.label-schema.license=GPLv2 org.label-schema.build-date=20180531)
    11.  
     
  11. 前台时时监控容器的变化若要检测，需要另外再起一个窗口进行操作
    12.  
    
 
    
3.18 Docker命令：export
 
    
 
     
将容器进程的文件系统导出到本地
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    3.  
     
  3. b8a6ac4e13a1 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" 51 minutes ago Up 51 minutes dreamy_wu
    4.  
     
  4. 7109f7b39f4a 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash -c 'echo …" 52 minutes ago Exited (0) 52 minutes ago practical_easley
    5.  
     
  5. 9f647a9cb15d nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 53 minutes ago Exited (0) 53 minutes ago wizardly_spence
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ~]# docker stop b8a6 #先停止容器
    7.  
     
  7. b8a6
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    9.  
     
  9. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    10.  
     
  10. b8a6ac4e13a1 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" 54 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago dreamy_wu
    11.  
     
  11. 7109f7b39f4a 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash -c 'echo …" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago practical_easley
    12.  
     
  12. 9f647a9cb15d nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 57 minutes ago Exited (0) 57 minutes ago wizardly_spence
    13.  
     
  13. [root@docker ~]# docker export b8a6 >./nginx1.2.cont #导出容器到本地（最好加上.cont后缀，以便识别）
    14.  
     
  14. [root@docker ~]# ls 
    15.  
     
  15. anaconda-ks.cfg nginx1.12 nginx1.12.tar nginx1.2.cont ping.txt
    16.  
    
 
    
3.19 Docker命令：import
 
    
 
     
用于将export导出的文件系统创建为一个镜像
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# cat ./nginx1.2.cont | docker import - nginx:v2 #导入本地容器镜像快照
    2.  
     
  2. sha256:cae4bd959d319cb87b6e4178db8d0f04a9cc15541a9cbee71460792b7ca746a5
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker images 
    4.  
     
  4. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    5.  
     
  5. nginx v2 cae4bd959d31 15 seconds ago 231MB
    6.  
     
  6.  
     
  7. 特别提示：
    8.  
     
  8. 如果将服务器中的容器导出成容器镜像文件后，当我们需要使用该容器镜像文件的时候，
    9.  
     
  9. 不要使用docker load(该指令可以导入但是会导致启动异常) 
    10.  
     
  10. 需要执行以下指令：
    11.  
     
  11. cat 容器文件名称 | docker inport - name:tag
    12.  
    
 
    
3.20 Docker命令：history
 
    
 
     
用于查看一个镜像的历史修改纪录
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker images
    2.  
     
  2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZ
    3.  
     
  3. E
    4.  
     
  4. Mr.chen/centos 3 745606e08231 4 seconds ago 200
    5.  
     
  5. MB
    6.  
     
  6. Mr.chen/centos 2 5620f1cb9e8e 13 hours ago 200
    7.  
     
  7. MB
    8.  
     
  8. Mr.chen/centos7 1 58af3ad826d2 34 hours ago 200
    9.  
     
  9. MB
    10.  
     
  10. centos 7 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    11.  
     
  11. MB
    12.  
     
  12. centos latest 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    13.  
     
  13. MB
    14.  
     
  14. [root@docker ~]# docker history 745606e08231
    15.  
     
  15. IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COM
    16.  
     
  16. MENT
    17.  
     
  17. 745606e08231 6 minutes ago 200MB Imp
    18.  
     
  18. orted from -
    19.  
     
  19. [root@docker ~]# docker history 5620f1cb9e8e
    20.  
     
  20. IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY
    21.  
     
  21. SIZE COMMENT
    22.  
     
  22. 5620f1cb9e8e 13 hours ago /bin/bash
    23.  
     
  23. 27B
    24.  
     
  24. 58af3ad826d2 34 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/home/test/docker.
    25.  
     
  25. s... 0B
    26.  
     
  26. f6587dbd78dd 34 hours ago /bin/sh -c chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
    27.  
     
  27. 57B
    28.  
     
  28. 8f092336a175 34 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84ec58f8405b1601
    29.  
     
  29. 7... 57B
    30.  
     
  30. 82c412669879 34 hours ago /bin/sh -c ln -sfv
    31.  
     
  31. /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/... 33B
    32.  
     
  32. 1a932d4c7762 34 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL MAINTATNER=Mr.chen
    33.  
     
  33. .... 0B
    34.  
     
  34. 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"]
    35.  
     
  35. 0B
    36.  
     
  36. <missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.s
    37.  
     
  37. c... 0B
    38.  
     
  38. <missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:8f4b3be0c1427b15
    39.  
     
  39. 8... 200MB
    40.  
    
 
    
3.21 Docker命令：info
 
    
 
     
用于查看当前操作系统的docker运行信息
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker info
    2.  
     
  2. Client:
    3.  
     
  3. Context: default
    4.  
     
  4. Debug Mode: false
    5.  
     
  5. Plugins:
    6.  
     
  6. app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
    7.  
     
  7. buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
    8.  
     
  8. compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.6.0)
    9.  
     
  9. scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)
    10.  
     
  10.  
     
  11. Server:
    12.  
     
  12. Containers: 3 #容器镜像3个
    13.  
     
  13. Running: 0 #正在运行的容器0
    14.  
     
  14. Paused: 0
    15.  
     
  15. Stopped: 3
    16.  
     
  16. Images: 3 #一共有3个镜像
    17.  
     
  17. Server Version: 20.10.17
    18.  
     
  18. Storage Driver: overlay2
    19.  
     
  19. Backing Filesystem: xfs
    20.  
     
  20. Supports d_type: true
    21.  
     
  21. Native Overlay Diff: true
    22.  
     
  22. userxattr: false
    23.  
     
  23. Logging Driver: json-file
    24.  
     
  24. Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
    25.  
     
  25. Cgroup Version: 1
    26.  
     
  26. Plugins:
    27.  
     
  27. Volume: local
    28.  
     
  28. Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
    29.  
     
  29. Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
    30.  
     
  30. Swarm: inactive
    31.  
     
  31. Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
    32.  
     
  32. Default Runtime: runc
    33.  
     
  33. Init Binary: docker-init
    34.  
     
  34. containerd version: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
    35.  
     
  35. runc version: v1.1.2-0-ga916309
    36.  
     
  36. init version: de40ad0
    37.  
     
  37. Security Options:
    38.  
     
  38. seccomp
    39.  
     
  39. Profile: default
    40.  
     
  40. Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
    41.  
     
  41. Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
    42.  
     
  42. OSType: linux
    43.  
     
  43. Architecture: x86_64
    44.  
     
  44. CPUs: 2
    45.  
     
  45. Total Memory: 3.968GiB
    46.  
     
  46. Name: docker
    47.  
     
  47. ID: MTHU:S5XU:UKGA:DGC7:BCEQ:NREX:SSWI:MF2Y:34U3:TEK2:RJCZ:C2VK
    48.  
     
  48. Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
    49.  
     
  49. Debug Mode: false
    50.  
     
  50. Username: spengc
    51.  
     
  51. Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    52.  
     
  52. Labels:
    53.  
     
  53. Experimental: false
    54.  
     
  54. Insecure Registries:
    55.  
     
  55. 127.0.0.0/8
    56.  
     
  56. Registry Mirrors:
    57.  
     
  57. https://registry.docker-cn.com/
    58.  
     
  58. Live Restore Enabled: false
    59.  
    
 
    
3.22 Docker命令：inspect
 
    
 
     
查看某个镜像的详细信息
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker inspect 05d3c1e2d0c1 
    2.  
     
  2. [
    3.  
     
  3. { 
       
    4.  
     
  4. "Id": "sha256:05d3c1e2d0c166b1654f86a5beed614065450b186a94e4761120b3458b45509d",
    5.  
     
  5. "RepoTags": [
    6.  
     
  6. "centos/systemd:latest"
    7.  
     
  7. ],
    8.  
     
  8. "RepoDigests": [
    9.  
     
  9. "centos/systemd@sha256:09db0255d215ca33710cc42e1a91b9002637eeef71322ca641947e65b7d53b58"
    10.  
     
  10. ],
    11.  
     
  11. "Parent": "",
    12.  
     
  12. "Comment": "",
    13.  
     
  13. "Created": "2018-12-29T18:57:04.462738239Z",
    14.  
     
  14. "Container": "d65db7054384e55b6a0df28ccc3c712bf12d0058ee12f3f31c687916573fc874",
    15.  
     
  15. "ContainerConfig": { 
       
    16.  
     
  16. "Hostname": "d65db7054384",
    17.  
     
  17. "Domainname": "",
    18.  
     
  18. "User": "",
    19.  
     
  19. "AttachStdin": false,
    20.  
     
  20. "AttachStdout": false,
    21.  
     
  21. "AttachStderr": false,
    22.  
     
  22. "Tty": false,
    23.  
     
  23. "OpenStdin": false,
    24.  
     
  24. "StdinOnce": false,
    25.  
     
  25. "Env": [
    26.  
     
  26. "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
    27.  
     
  27. "container=docker"
    28.  
     
  28. ],
    29.  
     
  29. "Cmd": [
    30.  
     
  30. "/bin/sh",
    31.  
     
  31. "-c",
    32.  
     
  32. "#(nop) ",
    33.  
     
  33. "CMD [\"/usr/sbin/init\"]"
    34.  
     
  34. ],
    35.  
     
  35. "ArgsEscaped": true,
    36.  
     
  36. "Image": "sha256:6bc581d3208e8b42e7d1d8ef576906103c73ecd5d6e28ec9ab0f3d9d370c0d50",
    37.  
     
  37. "Volumes": { 
       
    38.  
     
  38. "/sys/fs/cgroup": {}
    39.  
     
  39. },
    40.  
     
  40. "WorkingDir": "",
    41.  
     
  41. "Entrypoint": null,
    42.  
     
  42. "OnBuild": null,
    43.  
     
  43. "Labels": { 
       
    44.  
     
  44. "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181205",
    45.  
     
  45. "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
    46.  
     
  46. "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
    47.  
     
  47. "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
    48.  
     
  48. "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
    49.  
     
  49. }
    50.  
     
  50. },
    51.  
     
  51. "DockerVersion": "18.03.1-ee-3",
    52.  
     
  52. "Author": "The CentOS Project <cloud-ops@centos.org>",
    53.  
     
  53. "Config": { 
       
    54.  
     
  54. "Hostname": "",
    55.  
     
  55. "Domainname": "",
    56.  
     
  56. "User": "",
    57.  
     
  57. "AttachStdin": false,
    58.  
     
  58. "AttachStdout": false,
    59.  
     
  59. "AttachStderr": false,
    60.  
     
  60. "Tty": false,
    61.  
     
  61. "OpenStdin": false,
    62.  
     
  62. "StdinOnce": false,
    63.  
     
  63. "Env": [
    64.  
     
  64. "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
    65.  
     
  65. "container=docker"
    66.  
     
  66. ],
    67.  
     
  67. "Cmd": [
    68.  
     
  68. "/usr/sbin/init"
    69.  
     
  69. ],
    70.  
     
  70. "ArgsEscaped": true,
    71.  
     
  71. "Image": "sha256:6bc581d3208e8b42e7d1d8ef576906103c73ecd5d6e28ec9ab0f3d9d370c0d50",
    72.  
     
  72. "Volumes": { 
       
    73.  
     
  73. "/sys/fs/cgroup": {}
    74.  
     
  74. },
    75.  
     
  75. "WorkingDir": "",
    76.  
     
  76. "Entrypoint": null,
    77.  
     
  77. "OnBuild": null,
    78.  
     
  78. "Labels": { 
       
    79.  
     
  79. "org.label-schema.build-date": "20181205",
    80.  
     
  80. "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
    81.  
     
  81. "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
    82.  
     
  82. "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
    83.  
     
  83. "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
    84.  
     
  84. }
    85.  
     
  85. },
    86.  
     
  86. "Architecture": "amd64",
    87.  
     
  87. "Os": "linux",
    88.  
     
  88. "Size": 201779604,
    89.  
     
  89. "VirtualSize": 201779604,
    90.  
     
  90. "GraphDriver": { 
       
    91.  
     
  91. "Data": { 
       
    92.  
     
  92. "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d962e3a1441c42b01bd9ca4b2ce6526898f99a2f974cab05496929c651fcd6f1/diff",
    93.  
     
  93. "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a1d3c5e995dc20e2c7d15b445f4dc38b0a38695f2fd7f80504a13f6d0364e9f/merged",
    94.  
     
  94. "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a1d3c5e995dc20e2c7d15b445f4dc38b0a38695f2fd7f80504a13f6d0364e9f/diff",
    95.  
     
  95. "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7a1d3c5e995dc20e2c7d15b445f4dc38b0a38695f2fd7f80504a13f6d0364e9f/work"
    96.  
     
  96. },
    97.  
     
  97. "Name": "overlay2"
    98.  
     
  98. },
    99.  
     
  99. "RootFS": { 
       
    100.  
     
  100. "Type": "layers",
    101.  
     
  101. "Layers": [
    102.  
     
  102. "sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956",
    103.  
     
  103. "sha256:fd40254c9c6971795b270293804a4b6dd2eb60e15215cdad44df1d8e439af2c0"
    104.  
     
  104. ]
    105.  
     
  105. },
    106.  
     
  106. "Metadata": { 
       
    107.  
     
  107. "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
    108.  
     
  108. }
    109.  
     
  109. }
    110.  
     
  110. ]
    111.  
    
 
    
3.23 Docker命令：kill
 
    
 
     
强行停止一个或多个正在运行状态的容器进程
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STA
    3.  
     
  3. TUS PORTS NAMES
    4.  
     
  4. ab06a9794e45 5620f1cb9e8e "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up
    5.  
     
  5. hours confident_snyder
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ~]# docker kill ab06a9794e45
    7.  
     
  7. ab06a9794e45
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    9.  
     
  9. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STA
    10.  
     
  10. TUS PORTS NAMES
    11.  
     
  11. ab06a9794e45 5620f1cb9e8e "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exi
    12.  
     
  12. ted (137) 1 second ago confident_snyder
    13.  
    
 
    
3.24 Docker命令：save
 
    
 
     
用于将一个镜像的文件系统导出到本地（export导出的是容器）
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker save -o /root/nginx1.12 nginx:v1.12.2
    2.  
     
  2. [root@docker ~]# ls
    3.  
     
  3. anaconda-ks.cfg nginx1.12 ping.txt
    4.  
     
  4. [root@docker ~]# docker save -o /root/nginx1.12.tar nginx:v1.12.2
    5.  
     
  5. [root@docker ~]# ls
    6.  
     
  6. anaconda-ks.cfg nginx1.12 nginx1.12.tar ping.txt
    7.  
    
 
    
3.25 Docker命令：load
 
    
 
     
用于将save导出到本地的tar包，重新加载为镜像（和源镜像的名字标识完全一样）
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker load < ./nginx1.12 #将之前的nginx镜像导入到系统
    2.  
     
  2. 43b3c4e3001c: Loading layer [==================================================>] 83.87MB/83.87MB
    3.  
     
  3. 1c99a7efe9d9: Loading layer [==================================================>] 62.01MB/62.01MB
    4.  
     
  4. 305b0db3a210: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.072kB/3.072kB
    5.  
     
  5. c03189a5ef70: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.096kB/4.096kB
    6.  
     
  6. 1d561d938628: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
    7.  
     
  7. de100bd247e0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.168kB/7.168kB
    8.  
     
  8. Loaded image: nginx:v1.12.2
    9.  
    
 
    
3.26 Docker命令：logs
 
    
 
     
用于输出一个容器进程内的操作日志
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker run -d nginx:v2 /bin/bash -c "while :; do echo haha;sleep l;done" #做测试的死循环
    2.  
     
  2. cf60dd2586824ef8f2df083fe0956a44bc4b1235bac320f4b269f90488675527
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
    4.  
     
  4. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    5.  
     
  5. cf60dd258682 nginx:v2 "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds sharp_bartik
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ~]# docker logs cf6 #查看操作日志
    7.  
    
 
    
3.27 Docker命令：pause && unpause
 
    
 
     
用于将一个或多个容器的进程暂停和恢复
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    3.  
     
  3. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    4.  
     
  4. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 5 minutes ago
    5.  
     
  5. Up 5 minutes adoring_noether
    6.  
     
  6. [root@docker ]# docker pause 16f9f6c9c699 #暂停容器进程
    7.  
     
  7. 16f9f6c9c699
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    9.  
     
  9. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    10.  
     
  10. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    11.  
     
  11. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 5 minutes ago
    12.  
     
  12. Up 5 minutes (Paused) adoring_noether
    13.  
     
  13. [root@docker ]# docker unpause 16f9f6c9c699 #恢复容器进程
    14.  
     
  14. 16f9f6c9c699
    15.  
     
  15. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    16.  
     
  16. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    17.  
     
  17. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    18.  
     
  18. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 5 minutes ago
    19.  
     
  19. Up 5 minutes adoring_noether
    20.  
    
 
    
3.28 Docker命令：port
 
    
 
     
用于列出一个容器的端口映射及协议
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker run -p 8888:80 -itd nginx:v2 /bin/bash #物理端口：容器端口
    2.  
     
  2. 4769c1c506e52dcd22ba606785fd3333163bb3e4424b93b3a72a0d3c5d69426c
    3.  
     
  3. [root@docker ~]# docker ps
    4.  
     
  4. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    5.  
     
  5. 4769c1c506e5 nginx:v2 "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp, :::8888->80/tcp jolly_lichterman
    6.  
    
 
    
3.29 Docker命令：rename
 
    
 
     
给容器进程重命名
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    3.  
     
  3. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    4.  
     
  4. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 11 minutes ago
    5.  
     
  5. Up 11 minutes 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp romantic_elbakyan
    6.  
     
  6. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 22 minutes ago
    7.  
     
  7. Up 22 minutes adoring_noether
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ]# docker rename romantic_elbakyan Mr.chen
    9.  
     
  9. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    10.  
     
  10. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    11.  
     
  11. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    12.  
     
  12. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 11 minutes ago
    13.  
     
  13. Up 11 minutes 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp Mr.chen
    14.  
     
  14. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 22 minutes ago
    15.  
     
  15. Up 22 minutes adoring_noether
    16.  
    
 
    
3.30 Docker命令：restart
 
    
 
     
重启一个容器进程
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    3.  
     
  3. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    4.  
     
  4. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 15 minutes ago
    5.  
     
  5. Up 15 minutes 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp Mr.chen
    6.  
     
  6. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 26 minutes ago
    7.  
     
  7. Up 26 minutes adoring_noether
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ]# docker restart 6321c3a3481f
    9.  
     
  9. 6321c3a3481f
    10.  
     
  10. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    11.  
     
  11. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    12.  
     
  12. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    13.  
     
  13. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 15 minutes ago
    14.  
     
  14. Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp Mr.chen
    15.  
     
  15. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 26 minutes ago
    16.  
     
  16. Up 26 minutes adoring_noether
    17.  
    
 
    
3.31 Docker命令：stats
 
    
 
     
用于s实时输出容器的资源使用情况
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    2.  
     
  2. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    3.  
     
  3. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    4.  
     
  4. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 17 minutes ago
    5.  
     
  5. Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp Mr.chen
    6.  
     
  6. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 28 minutes ago
    7.  
     
  7. Up 28 minutes adoring_noether
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ]# docker stats 6321c3a3481f
    9.  
     
  9. #--no-tream只输出一次
    10.  
     
  10. [root@docker ]# docker stats 6321c3a3481f --no-stream
    11.  
     
  11. CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM
    12.  
     
  12. % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
    13.  
     
  13. 6321c3a3481f Mr.chen 0.00% 292KiB / 974.6MiB 0.0
    14.  
     
  14. 3% 648B / 0B 0B / 0B 2
    15.  
    
 
    
3.32 Docker命令：tag
 
    
 
     
用于从一个指定的镜像创建另外一个镜像(标签)
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker ~]# docker images
    2.  
     
  2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    3.  
     
  3. nginx latest 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    4.  
     
  4. nginx v1.12.2 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    5.  
     
  5. cp/alpine latest e66264b98777 7 weeks ago 5.53MB
    6.  
     
  6. alpine latest e66264b98777 7 weeks ago 5.53MB
    7.  
     
  7. centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 10 months ago 231MB 
    8.  
     
  8. [root@docker ~]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:V1.12.1 #可以指定名字：标志来创建
    9.  
     
  9. [root@docker ~]# docker images 
    10.  
     
  10. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    11.  
     
  11. nginx V1.12.1 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    12.  
     
  12. nginx latest 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    13.  
     
  13. nginx v1.12.2 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    14.  
     
  14. cp/alpine latest e66264b98777 7 weeks ago 5.53MB
    15.  
     
  15. alpine latest e66264b98777 7 weeks ago 5.53MB
    16.  
     
  16. centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 10 months ago 231MB
    17.  
     
  17. [root@docker ~]# docker tag 41b0e86104ba cp/nginx #也可以指定image id来创建
    18.  
     
  18. [root@docker ~]# docker images
    19.  
     
  19. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
    20.  
     
  20. cp/nginx latest 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    21.  
     
  21. nginx latest 41b0e86104ba 6 days ago 142MB
    22.  
     
  22. centos v1.2.0 5d0da3dc9764 10 months ago 231MB
    23.  
     
  23. centos v1.2.2 5d0da3dc9764 10 months ago 231MB
    24.  
    
 
    
3.33 Docker命令：top
 
    
 
     
用于显示指定容器的进程信息
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. 11. centos 7 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    2.  
     
  2. MB
    3.  
     
  3. 12. centos latest 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    4.  
     
  4. MB
    5.  
     
  5. 13. [root@docker 7]# docker rmi test:2
    6.  
     
  6. 14. Untagged: test:2
    7.  
     
  7. 15. [root@docker 7]# docker images
    8.  
     
  8. 16. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZ
    9.  
     
  9. E
    10.  
     
  10. 17. test 1 cc87aef92b66 About an hour ago 200
    11.  
     
  11. MB
    12.  
     
  12. 18. centos 7 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    13.  
     
  13. MB
    14.  
     
  14. 19. centos latest 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    15.  
     
  15. MB
    16.  
     
  16. 20. [root@docker 7]# docker tag cc87aef92b66 test:2 #我们也可以指定image id来创建
    17.  
     
  17. 21. [root@docker 7]# docker images
    18.  
     
  18. 22. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZ
    19.  
     
  19. E
    20.  
     
  20. 23. test 1 cc87aef92b66 About an hour ago 200
    21.  
     
  21. MB
    22.  
     
  22. 24. test 2 cc87aef92b66 About an hour ago 200
    23.  
     
  23. MB
    24.  
     
  24. 25. centos 7 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    25.  
     
  25. MB
    26.  
     
  26. 26. centos latest 49f7960eb7e4 4 weeks ago 200
    27.  
     
  27. MB
    28.  
     
  28. 3.33 Docker命令：top
    29.  
     
  29. 用于显示指定容器的进程信息
    30.  
     
  30. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    31.  
     
  31. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    32.  
     
  32. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    33.  
     
  33. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 28 minutes ago
    34.  
     
  34. Up 12 minutes 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp Mr.chen
    35.  
     
  35. 16f9f6c9c699 test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 39 minutes ago
    36.  
     
  36. Up 39 minutes adoring_noether
    37.  
     
  37. [root@docker ]# docker top 6321c3a3481f
    38.  
     
  38. UID PID PPID C STIM
    39.  
     
  39. E TTY TIME CMD
    40.  
     
  40. root 89798 89784 0 11:5
    41.  
     
  41. pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash /home/test/docker
    42.  
     
  42. .sh
    43.  
     
  43. root 90265 89798 0 12:0
    44.  
     
  44. pts/0 00:00:00 sleep 5
    45.  
    
 
    
3.34 Docker命令：update
 
    
 
     
用于调整一个或多个容器的启动配置
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. [root@docker 7]# docker update --help
    2.  
     
  2. Usage: docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
    3.  
     
  3. Update configuration of one or more containers
    4.  
     
  4. Options:
    5.  
     
  5. --blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
    6.  
     
  6. , or 0 to disable (default 0)
    7.  
     
  7. --cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler)
    8.  
     
  8. period
    9.  
     
  9. --cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
    10.  
     
  10. --cpu-rt-period int Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds
    11.  
     
  11. --cpu-rt-runtime int Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
    12.  
     
  12. -c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight) #调整CPU
    13.  
     
  13. --cpus decimal Number of CPUs
    14.  
     
  14. --cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    15.  
     
  15. --cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    16.  
     
  16. --kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
    17.  
     
  17. -m, --memory bytes Memory limit #调整内存
    18.  
     
  18. --memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
    19.  
     
  19. --memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to
    20.  
     
  20. enable unlimited swap
    21.  
     
  21. --restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits
    22.  
    
 
    
3.35 Docker命令：version and wait
 
    
 
     
version用于显示docker的版本信息 wait用于捕捉一个或多个容器的退出状态,并返回退出状态码
 
    
 
    
 
    
     
     
  1. .sh
    2.  
     
  2. 8. root 90265 89798 0 12:0
    3.  
     
  3. 7 pts/0 00:00:00 sleep 5
    4.  
     
  4. 3.34 Docker命令：update
    5.  
     
  5. 用于调整一个或多个容器的启动配置
    6.  
     
  6. 1. [root@docker 7]# docker update --help
    7.  
     
  7. 2.
    8.  
     
  8. 3. Usage: docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
    9.  
     
  9. 4.
    10.  
     
  10. 5. Update configuration of one or more containers
    11.  
     
  11. 6.
    12.  
     
  12. 7. Options:
    13.  
     
  13. 8. --blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000
    14.  
     
  14. , or 0 to disable (default 0)
    15.  
     
  15. 9. --cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler)
    16.  
     
  16. period
    17.  
     
  17. 10. --cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
    18.  
     
  18. 11. --cpu-rt-period int Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds
    19.  
     
  19. 12. --cpu-rt-runtime int Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
    20.  
     
  20. 13. -c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight) #调整CPU
    21.  
     
  21. 14. --cpus decimal Number of CPUs
    22.  
     
  22. 15. --cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    23.  
     
  23. 16. --cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
    24.  
     
  24. 17. --kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit
    25.  
     
  25. 18. -m, --memory bytes Memory limit #调整内存
    26.  
     
  26. 19. --memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit
    27.  
     
  27. 20. --memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to
    28.  
     
  28. enable unlimited swap
    29.  
     
  29. 21. --restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits
    30.  
     
  30. 3.35 Docker命令：version and wait
    31.  
     
  31. version用于显示docker的版本信息
    32.  
     
  32. wait用于捕捉一个或多个容器的退出状态,并返回退出状态码
    33.  
     
  33. #显示docker版本信息
    34.  
     
  34. [root@docker ]# docker version
    35.  
     
  35. Client:
    36.  
     
  36. Version: 18.03.1-ce
    37.  
     
  37. API version: 1.37
    38.  
     
  38. Go version: go1.9.5
    39.  
     
  39. Git commit: 9ee9f40
    40.  
     
  40. Built: Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
    41.  
     
  41. OS/Arch: linux/amd64
    42.  
     
  42. Experimental: false
    43.  
     
  43. Orchestrator: swarm
    44.  
     
  44.  
     
  45. Server:
    46.  
     
  46. Engine:
    47.  
     
  47. Version: 18.03.1-ce
    48.  
     
  48. API version: 1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
    49.  
     
  49. Go version: go1.9.5
    50.  
     
  50. Git commit: 9ee9f40
    51.  
     
  51. Built: Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
    52.  
     
  52. OS/Arch: linux/amd64
    53.  
     
  53. Experimental: false
    54.  
     
  54.  
     
  55. #监听容器的退出状态并返回状态码
    56.  
     
  56. [root@docker ]# docker ps -a
    57.  
     
  57. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
    58.  
     
  58. STATUS PORTS NAMES
    59.  
     
  59. 6321c3a3481f test:1 "/home/test/docker.sh" 33 minutes ago
    60.  
     
  60. Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:2222-
 

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