Docker基本命令和使用
帮助命令
# 显示Docker的版本信息 Docker version # 显示Docker包括镜像和容器数量的系统信息 Docker info # 帮助命令(万能命令) Docker 命令 --help 帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
镜像命令
docker images 在当地所有主机上查看镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 3 months ago 13.3kB # 解释 REPOSITORY (镜像仓库源) TAG (镜像标签) IMAGE ID （镜像的id） CREATED (镜像创建时间) SIZE (镜像大小) # 可选项 Options: -a, --all # 列出所有镜像 -q, --quiet # 只显示镜像id
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11869 [OK] docker pull 下载镜像
[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest # 如果编写tag，默认为latest最新版本 latest: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 626033c43d70: Pull complete 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete ac563158d721: Pull complete d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 1c04857f594f: Pull complete 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete e0431212d27d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址 docker pull mysql # 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 下载指定文件 [root@MyServer ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Already exists 93619dbc5b36: Already exists 99da31dd6142: Already exists 626033c43d70: Already exists 37d5d7efb64e: Already exists ac563158d721: Already exists d2ba16033dad: Already exists 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 37f2405cae96: Pull complete e2482e017e53: Pull complete 70deed891d42: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7 docker rmi 删除镜像
# 指定删除镜像 [root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world # 删除多个镜像 [root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world MySQL # 删除所有() [root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) 容器命令
只有镜像才能创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull centos 并启动新容器
docker run [可选参数] image # 参数说明 --name="Name" 容器名称 tomcat01 tomcat02用于区分容器； -d 后台运行 -it 互动运行，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080：8080 -p ip:主机端口：容器端口 -p 主机端口：容器端口 （常用） -p 容器端口 容器端口 -P 随机指定端口 # 测试，启动并进入容器 [root@MyServer ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@5089ff8198de /]# ls #查看容器内的centos，基本版，很多命令都不完善！ bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var # 退回主机 [root@5089ff8198de /]# exit exit [root@MyServer ~]# ls 列出所有操作容器
# docker ps 命令 # 列出目前正在运行的容器 -a # 列出目前正在运行的容器 带出历史运行数据 -n=? # 显示最近创建的容器 -q # 只显示容器编号 [root@MyServer ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@MyServer ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5089ff8198de centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (130) About a minute ago nifty_goldwasser 5e65e7f991d5 3218b38490ce "docker-entrypoint.s…" 31 minutes ago Exited (1) 31 minutes ago gifted_roentgen cf133c215785 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 3 days ago Exited (0) 3 days ago kind_chaplygin 9aff26ba3d44 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 3 days ago Exited (0) 3 days ago jolly_engelbart 退出容器
pre>exit # 直接退出容器并停止 Ctil+P+Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器，不能删除运行中的容器
docker rm -f # 强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm
启动停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止容器
docker kill 容器id # 暴力停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -d centos
4005f6ab5ad1d9429bb8cceff5882ce05c019e005bccf89563e2447a757d84c6
# 问题docker ps， 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行；就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志
# shell脚本---"不停循环执行"
[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done";
[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b12078191375 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 seconds ago Up 3 seconds heuristic_albattani
# 显示指定行数的日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示日志条数
[root@MyServer ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 b12078191375
查看容器中进程信息 ps
top 命令
# docker top 容器id （查看容器内部信息）
[root@MyServer ~]# docker top b12078191375
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 8273 8254 0 11:45 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done
root 12134 8273 0 11:54 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像元数据
# 查看镜像元数据
# docker inspect 容器id
[root@MyServer ~]# docker inspect b12078191375
[
{
"Id": "b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b",
"Created": "2022-01-08T03:45:20.95450764Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 8273,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-01-08T03:45:22.895734782Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b-json.log",
"Name": "/heuristic_albattani",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0500de2f87f0c503049f2df1cb97052c1326d5ba23c3198ea29dcf047c526905/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "b12078191375",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "cae14b049c7b8a0d496d4b6fcb100c80fb4c9a71cdf6c9fe8566bbed7a3fadfc",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cae14b049c7b",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "e90ae3ef267ebb62062ee50eeb4eecbe5b1d4bb5133c9d9c6ef88d9d1ed86c49",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f07e53abccc0010862e2c1f205cad85d255cb354e675f1a748d52ed49bb981f2",
"EndpointID": "e90ae3ef267ebb62062ee50eeb4eecbe5b1d4bb5133c9d9c6ef88d9d1ed86c49",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b12078191375 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 28 minutes ago Up 28 minutes heuristic_albattani
[root@MyServer ~]# docker exec -it b12078191375 /bin/bash
[root@b12078191375 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@b12078191375 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:45 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done
root 1853 0 0 04:16 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1893 1853 0 04:16 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
root 1894 1 0 04:16 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的的主路径
[root@MyServer home]# docker cp a6748bafa77e:/home/SIN.java /usr