requests 文件上传等一些高级用法 Cookies设置 、 代理设置
1、 文件上传
我们知道 requests一些数据可以模拟提交。 假如有些网站需要上传文件，我们也可以用它来实现， 这很简单，例子如下 :
import requests files = {'file' : open('favicon.ico','rb')} r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files=files) print(r.text)2. Cookies
比如知乎网站不带cookie的爬取结果
import requests r =requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com") print(r.text) 输出：
有cookie的爬取结果
cookiede获取方法
利用cookie发起模拟请求：
import requests import re headers = { 'Cookie':'tgw_l7_route=116a747939468d99065d12a386ab1c5f; _zap=ac5fdb1f-8e53-4d69-a7f4-07a72df1caff; _xsrf=zKMRD5fn7u8DG1Ea6iO2L7PIWWRMnuiW; d_c0="ALDk6-gCAA-PTkVxRo8-KYq-C3MJO-hnkWI=|1550478800"; capsion_ticket="2|1:0|10:1550478875|14:capsion_ticket|44:N2RhNTdlNzUxODA2NGI4M2JiMWU5NmUzZWU0MTVmOTg=|2237d5a4349ae9b52dd4a26b835189f9b897eba8a64410dd7165b1cc5411f5f7"; z_c0="2|1:0|10:1550478919|4:z_c0|92:Mi4xdXpOYkRnQUFBQUFBSU9MZTZBSUFEeVlBQUFCZ0FsVk5SN3hYWFFEWURjb2xNZzdZTlFZRkdQa3luZFlzczl2bEdB|8c000aeb764ed6f142580cf5e7e3767c55b9c8e7b7c6def4d269a2694a4a6b03"; tst=r; q_c1=eb832fa18402482cafc7a8aa538bf33e|1550478920000|1550478920000', 'Host':'www.zhihu.com', 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac 05 X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36' } r = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com",headers = headers) print(r.text)输出结果
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fill-rule="nonzero"></path></svg></div><div class="RichContent-inner"><span class="RichText ztext CopyrightRichText-richText" itemProp="text">北京海淀区一女的：各位开店的大哥大姐们，谢谢你们瞧得起我，但我不接推广，也不会在这个文章下安插你的店铺，也不会帮您宣传代购店，所以不要在私信我了。妹子们，首先感谢你们的信任，但也别让我推荐了，因为我负不了这个责任，我只能告诉你们哪个假却无法告诉你们哪个卖的全部是真的，万一他真假混卖，卖我真的，发你假的，那我就把你害了。————————以下原文——————— 干货，避免踩雷。因为自己总回答美妆的问题，有一些学生党就…</span><button type="button" class="Button ContentItem-more Button--plain">阅读全文<span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--ArrowDown ContentItem-arrowIcon" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M12 13L8.285 9.218a.758.758 0 0 0-1.064 0 .738.738 0 0 0 0 1.052l4.249 4.512a.758.758 0 0 0 1.064 0l4.246-4.512a.738.738 0 0 0 0-1.052.757.757 0 0 0-1.063 0L12.002 13z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="ContentItem-actions"><span><button aria-label="赞同" type="button" class="Button VoteButton VoteButton--up"><span 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is-collapsed"><div class="RichContent-inner"><span class="RichText ztext CopyrightRichText-richText" itemProp="text">打不死的小强：曾经我也是一个空有上进心的人，直到我学会了这个方法。我从一个空有上进心的人，变成了强力的执行者：在一年之内，坚持每天学习1个小时的专业知识，读1个小时的专业书籍，每周星期输出1~2篇原创内容（2000字以上），成为了平台签约作者，自己也成为公司的运营负责人。要想解行动力问题，首先要了解：<b>为什么很多时候，我们会空有上进心？</b>我想用自己的亲身经历告诉你：刚毕业的时候，我给自己立了一个目标：毕业5年内要实现年薪10…</span><button type="button" class="Button ContentItem-more Button--plain">阅读全文<span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--ArrowDown ContentItem-arrowIcon" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M12 13L8.285 9.218a.758.758 0 0 0-1.064 0 .738.738 0 0 0 0 1.052l4.249 4.512a.758.758 0 0 0 1.064 0l4.246-4.512a.738.738 0 0 0 0-1.052.757.757 0 0 0-1.063 0L12.002 13z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="ContentItem-actions"><span><button aria-label="赞同" type="button" class="Button VoteButton VoteButton--up"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg 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God","itemId":582965203,"title":"女朋友喜欢静静地注视着男朋友是为什么？","type":"answer"}" name="582965203" itemProp="answer" itemType="http://schema.org/Answer" itemscope=""><h2 class="ContentItem-title"><div itemProp="zhihu:question" itemType="http://schema.org/Question" itemscope=""><meta itemProp="url" content="https://www.zhihu.com/question/309919749"/><meta itemProp="name" content="女朋友喜欢静静地注视着男朋友是为什么？"/><a target="_blank" data-za-detail-view-element_name="Title" data-za-detail-view-id="2812" href="/question/309919749/answer/582965203">女朋友喜欢静静地注视着男朋友是为什么？</a></div></h2><meta itemProp="image" content=""/><meta itemProp="upvoteCount" content="21438"/><meta itemProp="url" content="https://www.zhihu.com/question/309919749/answer/582965203"/><meta itemProp="dateCreated" content="2019-01-27T01:18:10.000Z"/><meta itemProp="dateModified" content="2019-01-30T10:46:04.000Z"/><meta itemProp="commentCount" content="573"/><div class="RichContent is-collapsed"><div class="RichContent-inner"><span class="RichText ztext CopyrightRichText-richText" itemProp="text">Gamit God：一分钟：卧槽，这逼怎么这么丑？老娘当初怎么看上他的？ 五分钟：这屌丝也还行，虽然不帅，但是还算顺眼。 十分钟：哎呀，怎么感觉越看越好看了呢(●◡●)ﾉ。哎呀他笑了，好温暖，好阳光。 二十分钟：hhh，老娘捡到宝了，虽然帅的很含蓄，但还是被我发现了！！！ 半个小时：我男朋友最帅最可爱。不接受反驳，哪个女的敢多看他一看，老娘瞪死她。 一个小时： 这么好的男人，万一被别人惦记上咋么办？我得想个办法让他死心塌…</span><button type="button" class="Button ContentItem-more Button--plain">阅读全文<span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--ArrowDown ContentItem-arrowIcon" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M12 13L8.285 9.218a.758.758 0 0 0-1.064 0 .738.738 0 0 0 0 1.052l4.249 4.512a.758.758 0 0 0 1.064 0l4.246-4.512a.738.738 0 0 0 0-1.052.757.757 0 0 0-1.063 0L12.002 13z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="ContentItem-actions"><span><button aria-label="赞同" type="button" class="Button VoteButton VoteButton--up"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--TriangleUp VoteButton-TriangleUp" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 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6c.823-1.758 2.649-3 4.651-3C19.545 3 22 5.507 22 8.432 22 16.24 13.842 21 12 21 10.158 21 2 16.24 2 8.437z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>感谢</button><div class="Popover ContentItem-action"><button aria-label="更多" type="button" id="null-toggle" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="null-content" class="Button OptionsButton Button--plain Button--withIcon Button--iconOnly"><span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--Dots Button-zi" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path d="M5 14a2 2 0 1 1 0-4 2 2 0 0 1 0 4zm7 0a2 2 0 1 1 0-4 2 2 0 0 1 0 4zm7 0a2 2 0 1 1 0-4 2 2 0 0 1 0 4z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Card TopstoryItem TopstoryItem-isRecommend" tabindex="-1"><div class="Feed"><div class="ContentItem AnswerItem" data-zop="{"authorName":"小枣君","itemId":554603288,"title":"5G 网络和 4G 网络有什么区别？","type":"answer"}" name="554603288" itemProp="answer" itemType="http://schema.org/Answer" itemscope=""><h2 class="ContentItem-title"><div itemProp="zhihu:question" itemType="http://schema.org/Question" itemscope=""><meta itemProp="url" content="https://www.zhihu.com/question/38941313"/><meta itemProp="name" content="5G 网络和 4G 网络有什么区别？"/><a target="_blank" data-za-detail-view-element_name="Title" data-za-detail-view-id="2812" href="/question/38941313/answer/554603288">5G 网络和 4G 网络有什么区别？</a></div></h2><meta itemProp="image" content="https://pic4.zhimg.com/50/v2-80ea79c476cae80902ef6ea50efbe229_200x112.jpg"/><meta itemProp="upvoteCount" content="31781"/><meta itemProp="url" content="https://www.zhihu.com/question/38941313/answer/554603288"/><meta itemProp="dateCreated" content="2018-12-18T08:12:23.000Z"/><meta itemProp="dateModified" content="2018-12-18T08:21:48.000Z"/><meta itemProp="commentCount" content="1052"/><div class="RichContent is-collapsed"><div class="RichContent-cover"><div class="RichContent-cover-inner"><div class="VagueImage" data-src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/50/v2-80ea79c476cae80902ef6ea50efbe229_400x224.jpg"><div class="VagueImage-mask is-active"></div></div></div></div><div class="RichContent-inner"><span class="RichText ztext CopyrightRichText-richText" itemProp="text">小枣君：大家好，我是小枣君。来迟了，抱歉。先放上一篇有史以来最强的5G科普： 一个简单且神奇的公式 今天的故事，从一个公式开始讲起。 这是一个既简单又神奇的公式。说它简单，是因为它一共只有3个字母。而说它神奇，是因为这个公式蕴含了博大精深的通信技术奥秘，这个星球上有无数的人都在为之魂牵梦绕。 这个公式，就是它—— 我相信很多同学都认出这个公式了，如果没认出来，而且你又是一个理科生的话，请记得有空多给你的中学物理…</span><button type="button" class="Button ContentItem-more Button--plain">阅读全文<span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--ArrowDown ContentItem-arrowIcon" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M12 13L8.285 9.218a.758.758 0 0 0-1.064 0 .738.738 0 0 0 0 1.052l4.249 4.512a.758.758 0 0 0 1.064 0l4.246-4.512a.738.738 0 0 0 0-1.052.757.757 0 0 0-1.063 0L12.002 13z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div 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content="2018-11-07T04:52:40.000Z"/><meta itemProp="dateModified" content="2019-01-23T10:14:39.000Z"/><meta itemProp="commentCount" content="446"/><div class="RichContent is-collapsed"><div class="RichContent-inner"><span class="RichText ztext CopyrightRichText-richText" itemProp="text">东方朔：给新人的建议：活儿是干不完的。给中层的建议：人心，核心业务，领导关系，起码拿一个。给高层的建议：下面人永远看你是傻逼，多做多错。给新人：你如果要拼，在这我很鼓励，您可以直接划下去看给中层和高层的建议。我是想对这样的人说：初入职场，我希望好好工作，我也很担心被公司剥削，我不想着一步登天，但我就想慢慢混着，一点一点混到一个不错的位置和高度。我不是工作狂，工作只是我生命的一部分。如果你是这种人的话，那…</span><button type="button" class="Button ContentItem-more Button--plain">阅读全文<span style="display:inline-flex;align-items:center"><svg class="Zi Zi--ArrowDown ContentItem-arrowIcon" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24"><path d="M12 13L8.285 9.218a.758.758 0 0 0-1.064 0 .738.738 0 0 0 0 1.052l4.249 4.512a.758.758 0 0 0 1.064 0l4.246-4.512a.738.738 0 0 0 0-1.052.757.757 0 0 0-1.063 0L12.002 13z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></button></div><div 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