docker 容器 学习自 B站 狂神说 https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

菜鸟教程

**报错：**docker: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock.

原因：设置镜像错误的原因，以及上一个程序没有正常关闭的原因

解决：

• 删除镜像

rm daemon.json 

• 关闭，重启

systemctl stop docker.socket sudo systemctl restart docker #查看 docker ps #or ps -ef|grep docker 

登录阿里云，找到工作台容器服务，镜像加速

#1 sudo systemctl restart dockersudo mkdir -p /etc/docker #2 sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' #3 { "registry-mirrors": ["https://j8uvaeem.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF #4 sudo systemctl daemon-reload #5 sudo systemctl restart docker 

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docker文档

官网的doc文档

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

docker version          #查看docker的版本信息
docker info             #查看docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help       #帮助命令(可查看可选的参数)
docker COMMAND --help

示例：

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker --help

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands: #可选参数
  app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  builder     Manage builds
  buildx*     Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  image       Manage images
  manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  scan*       Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:			#可选参数
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects kill Kill one or more running containers load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN login Log in to a Docker registry logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

To get more help with docker, check out our guides at https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

docker images					#查看当前服务器/主机的所有镜像
docker images -a  		#显示所有的镜像
docker images -aq			#显示所有镜像的id
docker search 				#搜索镜像
docker pull 镜像名:tag #下载镜像
docker rmi -f  镜像id  #删除镜像

示例：

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker images #显示所有的镜像
REPOSITORY           TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx                latest    7425d3a7c478   3 weeks ago     142MB
hello-world          latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago    13.3kB
nacos/nacos-server   v2.0.3    bdf60dc2ada3   10 months ago   1.05GB

参数介绍：

基本容器命令：

docker run [可选参数] 镜像id		#运行镜像
#参数说明
--name="名字"           指定容器名字
-d                     后台方式运行
-it                    使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容，可进入容器
-p                     指定容器的端口
( -p ip:主机端口:容器端口  配置主机端口映射到容器端口
  -p 主机端口:容器端口					#常用
  -p 容器端口)
-P                     随机指定端口(大写的P)

docker run -it [镜像ID] /bin/bash		#运行镜像并进入容器
exit 															 #停止并退出容器（后台方式运行则仅退出）
Ctrl+P+Q  												 #不停止容器退出

docker ps # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a   # 列出所有容器的运行记录
-n=? # 显示最近创建的n个容器
-q   # 只显示容器的编号

docker rm 容器id                 #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,强制删除使用 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

docker start 容器id          #启动容器
docker restart 容器id        #重启容器
docker stop 容器id           #停止当前运行的容器
docker kill 容器id           #强制停止当前容器

docker exec -it  容器id /bin/bash		#进入正在运行的容器,进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
docker attach 容器id								#进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

示例：

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker ps #查询正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED        STATUS        PORTS                    NAMES
619513002a31   nacos/nacos-server:v2.0.3   "bin/docker-startup.…"   33 hours ago   Up 33 hours   0.0.0.0:8848->8848/tcp   nacos

#参数
CONTAINER ID		#容器id
IMAGE						#对应的镜像
COMMAND					#命令
CREATED					#创建时间
STATUS					#状态
PORTS						#端口
NAMES						#容器名

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker ps -a #查看所有容器：包括当前正在运行+历史容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS                    NAMES
ba7086ca66fe   5d0da3dc9764                "/bin/bash"              About a minute ago   Exited (127) 19 seconds ago                              vigilant_golick
7437293ec0f7   5d0da3dc9764                "/bin/bash"              2 minutes ago        Exited (0) About a minute ago                            eager_goldstine
619513002a31   nacos/nacos-server:v2.0.3   "bin/docker-startup.…"   33 hours ago         Up 33 hours                     0.0.0.0:8848->8848/tcp   nacos
e18232bed91a   hello-world                 "/hello"                 3 weeks ago          Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                                   vigilant_moore
694a6d9a1bac   nginx                       "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 weeks ago          Created                                                  quizzical_raman
50ac18a9b22e   nginx                       "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 weeks ago          Created                                                  wizardly_mayer
72782367bfff   hello-world                 "/hello"                 3 weeks ago          Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                                   cranky_albattani
f7eaa44e98d8   hello-world                 "/hello"                 3 weeks ago          Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                                   exciting_villani

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker ps -a -q #查看所有容器的容器id
39653c4e51d3
ba7086ca66fe
7437293ec0f7
619513002a31
e18232bed91a
694a6d9a1bac
50ac18a9b22e
72782367bfff
f7eaa44e98d8


[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker exec -it 63e22b2cc91b /bin/sh #进入正在运行的容器
sh-4.4# ls #遍历容器文件
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
63e22b2cc91b   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   39 minutes ago   Up 39 minutes             dazzling_montalcini
[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ home]# docker attach 63e22b2cc91b
hi
hi
hi
hi
hi

疑惑点：

1、突然感觉容器和镜像有点分不清了。

回答：感觉镜像运行的时候，会创建一个容器。

语法：

docker logs 容器id [可选参数]					#查看容器日志
docker top 容器id 									#查看容器
docker inspect 容器id								#查看容器元数据信息
docker cp 容器id:文件地址 /主机文件地址 #拷贝容器文件到主机
docker stats 容器id									#查看某个容器占服务器资源情况

查看日志

语法：

docker logs --help		#查看日志帮助文档
#示例：
[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output 
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]#

参数：

-f			#跟踪日志输出
--since #显示某个开始时间的所有日志
-n			#仅列出最新N条容器日志
--tail	#仅列出最新N条容器日志
-t			#显示时间戳 

示例：

#示例：
[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker logs -n 10 619513002a31 #输出容器id为：619513002a31的容器的最后10条日志
2022-06-02 14:09:04,519 INFO Creating filter chain: any request, [org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter@45e1aa48, org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter@76889e60, org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter@42b28ff1, org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter@66420549, org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter@3e104d4b, org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter@6c15e8c7, org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter@6b3f6585, org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter@12c60152, org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter@718dbd79, org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter@6cd56321]

2022-06-02 14:09:04,658 INFO Initializing ExecutorService 'taskScheduler'

2022-06-02 14:09:04,685 INFO Exposing 16 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'

2022-06-02 14:09:04,869 INFO Tomcat started on port(s): 8848 (http) with context path '/nacos'

2022-06-02 14:09:04,884 INFO Nacos started successfully in stand alone mode. use embedded storage

#示例：
[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker logs --tail 10 619513002a31 #输出容器id为：619513002a31的容器的最后10条日志
2022-06-02 14:09:04,519 INFO Creating filter chain: any request, [org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter@45e1aa48, org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter@76889e60, org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter@42b28ff1, org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter@66420549, org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter@3e104d4b, org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter@6c15e8c7, org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter@6b3f6585, org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter@12c60152, org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter@718dbd79, org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter@6cd56321]

2022-06-02 14:09:04,658 INFO Initializing ExecutorService 'taskScheduler'

2022-06-02 14:09:04,685 INFO Exposing 16 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'

2022-06-02 14:09:04,869 INFO Tomcat started on port(s): 8848 (http) with context path '/nacos'

2022-06-02 14:09:04,884 INFO Nacos started successfully in stand alone mode. use embedded storage

查看元数据

语法：

docker inspect	容器id

语法：

[root@iZbp18gmxmxwd5c8z9zywiZ ~]# docker inspect 619513002a31 #查看容器id为：619513002a31的容器的元数据
[
    { 
        
        "Id": "619513002a31d969d36953c1ef8142b59b0ce6816e469277e8d9e9efaaba76bd",	#容器id
        "Created": "2022-06-02T06:08:46.202063833Z",
        "Path": "bin/docker-startup.sh",
        "Args": [],
        "State": { 
        																																#容器的状态
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 27299,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-06-02T06:08:46.917531072Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:bdf60dc2ada3ce53a95a577f295f677d8e8aa02f3a7757c03c86ea58ae4a8234",	#容器对应的镜像
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/619513002a31d969d36953c1ef8142b59b0ce6816e469277e8d9e9efaaba76bd/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/619513002a31d969d36953c1ef8142b59b0ce6816e469277e8d9e9efaaba76bd/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/619513002a31d969d36953c1ef8142b59b0ce6816e469277e8d9e9efaaba76bd/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/619513002a31d969d36953c1ef8142b59b0ce6816e469277e8d9e9efaaba76bd/619513002a31d969d36953c1ef8142b59b0ce6816e469277e8d9e9efaaba76bd-json.log",
        "Name": "/nacos",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": { 
        
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": { 
        
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": { 
        }
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": { 
        
                "8848/tcp": [
                    { 
        
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "8848"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": { 
        
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": { 
        
            "Data": { 
        
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd8487b58a5c05874690a3cc2b5412b86313fdbc2c8805dee037e06753c5d03d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1aeee3976ae049c7f673e85a6e6d4d71bf98b2569987b9218de8493de82526d6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9935292c70ce8b14414f257296a64a779fd665667ecf1f13f2919f149c6ab2aa/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff5be5b35dee244b0d12542b8ba3fdae35eb8b29bcffb3098fc5790232b5f94b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/677883d198ba1e74d54e7fb5ad35e306911ab7984c496fb32480a2d7720441aa/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/59d3c6a7fa79a47420de4a38986403f5c22c37e8b1f307c7e9f5967135f05fb2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/98917a8a481dc65184e34fe9a54732d49fbe0cb6e12fea12a7fdfadfce229f15/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/07128d85c933d0aead75d8758f6693919201946b151640e3213993f6b76c226b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1d0a8777b606ff8a90c73edfc222df95752ea0a8353cc9ae0935333695aa4dc1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c1d864cc32770698cf69de645b4ec62812e0b36f2940a8b1dac17d169d4c59aa/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd8487b58a5c05874690a3cc2b5412b86313fdbc2c8805dee037e06753c5d03d/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd8487b58a5c05874690a3cc2b5412b86313fdbc2c8805dee037e06753c5d03d/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd8487b58a5c05874690a3cc2b5412b86313fdbc2c8805dee037e06753c5d03d/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": { 
        
            "Hostname": "619513002a31",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": { 
        
                "8848/tcp": { 
        }
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "MODE=standalone",
                "NACOS_SERVER_IP=192.168.31.196",
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "PREFER_HOST_MODE=ip",
                "BASE_DIR=/home/nacos",
                "CLASSPATH=.:/home/nacos/conf:",
                "CLUSTER_CONF=/home/nacos/conf/cluster.conf",
                "FUNCTION_MODE=all",
                "JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk",
                "NACOS_USER=nacos",
                "JAVA=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk/bin/java",
                "JVM_XMS=1g",
                "JVM_XMX=1g",
                "JVM_XMN=512m",
                "JVM_MS=128m",
                "JVM_MMS=320m",
                "NACOS_DEBUG=n",
                "TOMCAT_ACCESSLOG_ENABLED=false",
                "TIME_ZONE=Asia/Shanghai"
            ],
            "Cmd": null,
            "Image": "nacos/nacos-server:v2.0.3",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/home/nacos",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "bin/docker-startup.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {