[b][size=large]一、Activity生命周期[//size][/b]
[size=medium][b]1. Activity(活动)[//b][/size]
[size=medium]活动是 Android 应用框架中的核心组件在窗口(Window)绘制用户界面,响应用户交互。size]
[size=medium][b]2. Activity生命周期[//b][/size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4111/685ec6ec-d126-34dd-bfec-a29461a45948.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium]通常直接继承创建活动 Activity,并在子类中重写一系列回调方法;当活动状态发生变化时,这些方法由应用框架按特定顺序调用,称为活动的生命周期。size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4113/e20a3c4d-db97-354b-885d-bf7e1f344e06.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium]根据活动的复杂性,生命周期中的所有方法可能都不需要实现,但您需要知道每种方法的功能,以确保您的应用程序能够像用户预期的那样执行:[/size]
[size=medium][//size]
[size=medium]用户离开应用一段时间后返回,进度不会丢失。size]
[size=medium]当用户设备屏幕旋转时,不会丢失进度或崩溃[/size]
[size=medium]GPS 或者不需要其他传感器时不要一直消耗电量。size]
[size=medium]本周期按执行时间顺序可分为:[/size]
[size=medium](1)完全生命周期[/size]
[size=medium](2)可见生命周期[//)size]
[size=medium](3)前台生命周期[/)size]
[size=medium](1)完全生命周期[/size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4117/efbb4dba-f675-3df8-8f3e-fbfdb5203b53.png[/img][/align]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4119/b72c28e8-ba50-33c1-a106-26b5fe7bf2c5.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium](2)可见生命周期[//)size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4121/fa865b7e-a5d3-3803-b24f-4d87b034f4ed.png[/img][/align]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4123/38aed2cc-2573-3e30-a226-b5c2d00d2e28.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium](3)前台生命周期[/)size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4125/e387bba8-155e-3c14-807b-b9042cd7d991.png[/img][/align]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4127/2191159c-a232-3903-8367-f49d0776dde5.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium][b]保存活动状态:[/b][/size]
[size=medium]当系统内存不足时,系统将销毁暂停或停止的活动;当用户想要回到被销毁的活动时,系统将重新创建活动。此时,将回调以下方法:[/size]
[size=medium]onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)[/size]
[size=medium]onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState)[/size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4129/78faee4e-9682-3af0-a32e-6d3fa713afc8.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium][b]3. 活动任务栈[/b][/size]
[size=medium][b](1)[/b][/size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4131/6b6656a7-88fc-3960-a04e-f7345f55b628.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium]一个应用程序通常包含多个活动。用户在不同的活动中执行不同的操作,但只有一个处于活跃状态:启动新活动,前者将停止并压入堆栈[/size]
[size=medium][b](2)Task:任务[/b][/size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0111/1416/7a1f0ac8-c770-361d-82d3-a29f2bd47976.png[/img][/align]
[size=medium]当我们需要一个的时候Activity另一个可以启动Activity,也许另一个Activity在不同的应用程序中定义Activity。[/size]
[size=medium]Android通过这两个Activity保存在同一个Task实现这种用户体验。简单地说,一个Task是用户体验中的应用。 它将相关的Activity组合在一起,以stack的方式管理(就是前面提到的Activity Stack),这就是Task。[/size]
[size=medium]每一个Task有自己的Activity栈(Activity Stack)。[/size]
[size=medium][b] 4. 看手机Activity生命周期:[//b][/size]
[size=medium]在 MainActivity 创建以下内容Activity生命周期中的方法(MainActivity 中右键 -> Generate -> Override Methods...):[/size]
[align=center][img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0110/4133/ba48c870-33f1-311d-8068-984ebfcee4cf.png[/img][/align]
package com.xiangdong.lifecycle; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; public class MainActivity extends Activity { //创建标记常量 private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Log.v(TAG, "onCreate()"); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); Log.v(TAG, "onStart()"); } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); Log.v(TAG, "onResume()"); } @Override protected void onRestart() { super.onRestart(); Log.v(TAG, "onRestart()"); } @Overrde protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); Log.v(TAG, "onStop()"); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.v(TAG, "onDestroy()"); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); Log.v(TAG, "onPause()"); } @Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); Log.v(TAG,"onSaveInstanceState()"); } @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState); Log.v(TAG, "onRestoreInstanceState()"); } // 以下代码不做更改------------------------------------------------------------------ @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present. getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml. int id = item.getItemId(); //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement if (id == R.id.action_settings) { return true; } return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); } }
[size=medium]这些类中用到了Log日志输出。[/size]
[size=medium]将项目部署到手机上,通过打开项目、退出项目等多种操作,可看到Activity生命周期的过程。[/size]