概要
该mongorestore程序从创建的二进制数据库中转移数据mongodump或标准输入(从版本 3.0.0 开始)加载mongod或 mongos实例中。
您还可以从目录中恢复一个或多个特定的集合 。例如，以下操作从/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/ 单个集合在目录中对应的数据文件中恢复：
# 创建索引 rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({
name:1}) {
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false, "numIndexesBefore" : 1, "numIndexesAfter" : 2, "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1655303837, 2), "signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"7XVuTQlwSsTB aP9iIDsv8aM3CY="), "keyId" : NumberLong("7107407083665883139") } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1655303837, 2) } # 插入数据 rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.insert({
"name":"test"}); WriteResult({
"nInserted" : 1 }) rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find(); {
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef291a1fbb7fc8f23c59"), "name" : "test" } # 备份导出 root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup# ls -lth /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/ total 8.0K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37 Jun 15 22:13 test.bson -rw-r--r-- root root 157 Jun 15 22:13 test.metadata.json # 删除集合 rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.drop(); true rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find(); rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes(); [ ] # 恢复单个集合 root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# mongorestore --host=localhost --port=27017 -u admin -p '******' --db=test -c test --authenticationDatabase=admin /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson 2022-06-15T22:47:09.430+0800 checking for collection data in /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson 2022-06-15T22:47:09.430+0800 reading metadata for test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.metadata.json 2022-06-15T22:47:09.452+0800 restoring test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson 2022-06-15T22:47:09.513+0800 restoring indexes for collection test.test from metadata 2022-06-15T22:47:09.564+0800 finished restoring test.test (1 document, 0 failures) 2022-06-15T22:47:09.564+0800 1 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore. # 检查恢复 rs1:PRIMARY> show tables; test rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find(); {
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef8e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5a"), "name" : "test" } rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes(); [ {
"v" : 2, "key" : {
"_id" : 1 }, "name" : "_id_", "ns" : "test.test" }, {
"v" : 2, "key" : {
"name" : 1 }, "name" : "name_1", "ns" : "test.test" } ] 恢复多个集合，指定目录/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test， 不用指定集合，需要指定数据库，如下所示：
# 查看当前集合
rs1:PRIMARY> show tables;
test
test2
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9f2861a1fbb7fc8f23c5c"), "name" : "test2", "age" : 18 }
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef8e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5a"), "name" : "test" }
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test2.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9f44c1a1fbb7fc8f23c5d"), "name" : "test2" }
# 备份导出
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# mongodump --host=localhost --port=27017 -u admin -p '******' --db=test --authenticationDatabase=admin --out=/data/backup/mongodbbackup
2022-06-15T23:02:48.319+0800 writing test.test to
2022-06-15T23:02:48.319+0800 writing test.test2 to
2022-06-15T23:02:48.320+0800 done dumping test.test (2 documents)
2022-06-15T23:02:48.335+0800 done dumping test.test2 (1 document)
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test#
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test#
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# ls -tlh
total 16K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38 Jun 15 23:02 test2.bson
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 158 Jun 15 23:02 test2.metadata.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 88 Jun 15 23:02 test.bson
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 254 Jun 15 23:02 test.metadata.json
# 删除集合
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.drop();
true
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test2.drop();
true
# 恢复2个集合
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# mongorestore --host=localhost -u admin -p '******' --db=test --authenticationDatabase=admin /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/
2022-06-15T23:04:23.095+0800 WARNING: ignoring unsupported URI parameter 'replicaset'
2022-06-15T23:04:23.113+0800 the --db and --collection args should only be used when restoring from a BSON file. Other uses are deprecated and will not exist in the future; use --nsInclude instead
2022-06-15T23:04:23.113+0800 building a list of collections to restore from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test dir
2022-06-15T23:04:23.113+0800 reading metadata for test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.metadata.json
2022-06-15T23:04:23.113+0800 reading metadata for test.test2 from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test2.metadata.json
2022-06-15T23:04:23.131+0800 restoring test.test2 from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test2.bson
2022-06-15T23:04:23.151+0800 restoring test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson
2022-06-15T23:04:23.178+0800 no indexes to restore
2022-06-15T23:04:23.178+0800 finished restoring test.test2 (1 document, 0 failures)
2022-06-15T23:04:23.179+0800 restoring indexes for collection test.test from metadata
2022-06-15T23:04:23.215+0800 finished restoring test.test (2 documents, 0 failures)
2022-06-15T23:04:23.215+0800 3 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
–drop 在从转储备份还原集合之前，从目标数据库中删除集合。–drop不会删除不在备份中的集合。
当还原包括admin数据库时，mongorestore将 --drop删除所有用户凭据并将其替换为转储文件中定义的用户。因此，在 authorization启用的系统中，mongorestore必须能够对现有用户和转储文件中定义的用户进行身份验证。如果mongorestore无法对转储文件中定义的用户进行身份验证，则恢复过程将失败，留下一个空数据库。
如果在还原过程中删除并重新创建集合，则新创建的集合具有不同的 UUID，除非–drop与–preserveUUID.
# 插入新数据
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef8e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5a"), "name" : "test" }
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9f2861a1fbb7fc8f23c5c"), "name" : "test2", "age" : 18 }
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.insertOne({
"name":"this is new"});
{
"acknowledged" : true,
"insertedId" : ObjectId("62a9fb6e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5f")
}
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef8e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5a"), "name" : "test" }
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9f2861a1fbb7fc8f23c5c"), "name" : "test2", "age" : 18 }
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9fb6e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5f"), "name" : "this is new" }
rs1:PRIMARY>
# 恢复之前的备份，备份集中只有2行记录，使用--drop恢复前先删除原集合
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# mongorestore --drop --host=localhost -u admin -p '******' --db=test -c test --authenticationDatabase=admin /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson
2022-06-15T23:33:42.510+0800 checking for collection data in /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson
2022-06-15T23:33:42.515+0800 reading metadata for test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.metadata.json
2022-06-15T23:33:42.531+0800 restoring test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson
2022-06-15T23:33:42.592+0800 restoring indexes for collection test.test from metadata
2022-06-15T23:33:42.615+0800 finished restoring test.test (2 documents, 0 failures)
2022-06-15T23:33:42.615+0800 2 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.
# 检查只有2行记录了
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef8e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5a"), "name" : "test" }
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9f2861a1fbb7fc8f23c5c"), "name" : "test2", "age" : 18 }
rs1:PRIMARY>
–gzip 3.2 版中的新功能。
从由创建的压缩文件或数据流恢复 mongodump --gzip
要从包含压缩文件的转储目录中恢复， mongorestore请使用该–gzip选项运行。
要从压缩存档文件中恢复，mongorestore请同时使用 –archive 选项–gzip 和–archive选项运行。
# 先压缩备份一下
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# mongodump --gzip --host=localhost -u admin -p '******' --db=test -c test --authenticationDatabase=admin --out=/data/backup/mongodbbackup
2022-06-15T23:38:43.428+0800 writing test.test to
2022-06-15T23:38:43.429+0800 done dumping test.test (2 documents)
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test#
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test#
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# ls -tlh
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86 Jun 15 23:38 test.bson.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171 Jun 15 23:38 test.metadata.json.gz
# 删除集合
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9ef8e1a1fbb7fc8f23c5a"), "name" : "test" }
{
"_id" : ObjectId("62a9f2861a1fbb7fc8f23c5c"), "name" : "test2", "age" : 18 }
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY>
rs1:PRIMARY> db.test.drop()
true
# 从压缩备份中恢复，带上--gzip参数
root@ubuntu-18:/data/backup/mongodbbackup/test# mongorestore --gzip --host=localhost -u admin -p '******' --db=test -c test --authenticationDatabase=admin /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson.gz
2022-06-15T23:40:33.663+0800 checking for collection data in /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson.gz
2022-06-15T23:40:33.664+0800 reading metadata for test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.metadata.json.gz
2022-06-15T23:40:33.680+0800 restoring test.test from /data/backup/mongodbbackup/test/test.bson.gz
2022-06-15T23:40:33.741+0800 restoring indexes for collection test.test from metadata
2022-06-15T23:40:33.772+0800 finished restoring test.test (2 documents, 0 failures)
2022-06-15T23:40:33.772+0800 2 document(s) restored successfully. 0 document(s) failed to restore.