英语泛读-在线考试复习资料 一、单选题 1.It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.(11 分) A.is not started B.will not be started C.not be started D.is not to be started
2.I suffered from mental_______because of stress from my job. A.mage B.release C.relief D.fatigue
3.The_______of finding gold inattracted a lot of people to settle down there. A.prospects B.speculations C.stakes D.provisions
4.One’s university days often appear happier in ______than they actually were at the time. A.retention B.retrospect C.return D.revere
5.It is no ____ that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol. A.oincidence B.orrespondence C.inspiration D.intuition
- membership card _______ the holder to use the club’s facilities for a period of twelve months. A.pproves B.uthorizes C.rectifies D.ndows
7.The Browns lived in a ________and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs. A.spacious B.sufficient C.wide D.wretched
8.He is looking for a job that will give him greater ________for career development. A.insight B.scope C.momentum D.phase
9.We don’t _____any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget. A.foresee B.fabricate C.infer D.inhibit
10.Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in fact he was a(n)________. A.lien B.lient C.ounterpart. D.fraud
11.We should concentrate on sharply reducing interest rates to pull the economy out of______. A.rejection B.restriction C.retreat D.recession
12.She felt offended at my remarks, butit wasn’t my _____to hurt her. A.implication B.indication C.intention D.invasion
13.They have done away with ________Latin foruniversity entrance at Harvard. A.influential B.indispensable C.ompulsory D.ssential
14.In some countries, ______ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people. A.which B.what C.that D.one
15.These were stubborn men, not easily ________ to change their mind. A.tilted B.onverted C.persuaded D.suppressed
16.His marked personality changes were_______by a series of unfortunate e vents. A.rried on B.ounted on C.rought about D.made up
17.Foreign students find certain structures particularly difficult;_______teachers need a reliable source of practice material to put these points across effectively. A.so that B.in order that C.onsequently D.ventually
18.One of the famous_______in the United States was Henry Ford. A.industrious B.industries C.industrializations D.industrialists
19.When confronted with such questions, my mind goes_______, and I can hardly remember my own birthday. A.im B.lank C.vain D.faint
20.The rest of the day was entirely at his______for reading or recreation. A.ismissal B.survival C.isposal D.rrival
21.n Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately ___ from Marathon to. A.istance B.is the distance C.the distance D.the distance is
22.While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television ______ the newspaper completely. A.replace B.have replaced C.replaced D.will replace
23.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy,balanced families. A.re often seeing B.often see C.will often see D.have often seen
24.We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we ______ him. A.would have telephoned B.must have telephoned C.would telephone D.had telephoned
25.I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A.ould have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept
26.There was such a long line at the exhibition_______we had to wait for about half an hour. A.s B.that C.so D.hence
27.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play_____roles in raising children. A.incapable B.indispensable C.insensible D.infinite
28.Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee_______to investigate the incident. A.were set up B.was set up C. set up D.set up
29._______the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time. A.ut for B.In case of C.In spite of D.ause of
30.She_______her trip to New York because she was ill. A.lled off B.losed down C.put up D.went off
31.The_______of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace. A.summit B.height C.peak D.highlight
32.Within ten years they have tamed the_______hill into green woods. A.vacant B.rren C.weird D.wasteful
33.His face_______as he came in after running all the way from school. A.flared B.fluctuated C.fluttered D.flushed
34.George enjoys talking about people’s private affairs. He is a_______. A.solicitor B.oward C.gossip D.rebel
35.The circus has always been very popular because it_______both the old and the young. A.facilitates B.fascinates C.immerses D.indulges
36.y patient questioning the lawyer managed to ________enough information from the witnesses. A.vacuate B.withdraw C.impart D.licit
37.While some office jobs would seem ________to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying. A.hostile B.tedious C.fantastic D.ourageous
38.The survival of civilization as we know it is ______ threat. A.within B.under C.towards D.upon
39.She ________through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them. A.tumbled B.tossed C.switched D.flipped
40.He greatly resented the publication of this book,which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his ________. A.privacy B.morality C.ignity D.secrecy
41.He is quite sure that it’s ________ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days. A.solutely B.xclusively C.fully D.roughly
42.The new secretary has written a remarkably ________report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included. A.oncise B.risk C.precise D.laborate
43.Steel is not as ________ as cast iron; it does not break as easily. A.lastic B.rittle C.ptable D.flexible
44.ye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication ________. A.tragedy B.vacuum C.question D.rrier
45.Since the couple could not ________their differences, they decided to get a divorce. A.reconcile B.omply C.oincide D.resign
二、复合题 People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. out half of these disabilities are “developmental", i…, they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i…, accidental or caused by outside forces.
Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. vancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. ivil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability. In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements of civil rights. ongress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes. Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. out two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level. Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships. It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws have that disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society. 46. “developmental" disability ____. A.velops very slowly over time B.is caused forces C.occurs in youth and affects development D.is getting more and more severe 47.Most disabled people used to die early because ____. A.isabilities destroyed major bodily functions B.they were not very well looked after C.medical techniques were not available D.they were too poor to get proper treatment 48.In the author’s opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society ____. A.more laws should be passed B.public attitudes should be changed C.government should provide more aids D.more public facilities should be set up 49.Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage? A.Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life. B.The public tends to look down upon the disabled people. C.The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them. D.iscriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others. 50.The best title for this passage might be ____. A.Handicaps of People with Disabilities B.The difficulties of the Disabled C.The Causes for Disabilities D.Medical Treatments for Disabilities
Within fifteen yearsand other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dustbin would be made into something useful. ven the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.
The new concept of recycling waste is taking shape at the British technological laboratory atWarren Spring, not far from the north of. Today, the laboratory spends four times as much money in studying recycling as it did five years ago. The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well. Methods have been discovered, for example, for removing the ink from newsprint so that the paper can be used again, and for obtaining valuable oils and gases from old motor car types. ll these ideas are already being made use of, but what is new is the idea of combining them on such a large scale in a single plant designed to recycle most types of waste. Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal spikes which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that crushers and rollers will break up everything that can be broken finally, and the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; finely the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first full-scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. ut in some big industrial areas, where rubbish has been dumped for so long that there are no holes left to fill up with rubbish, these new automatic recycling plants may be built sooner. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long. 51.Projects for recycling waste in____. A.will not be started for at least fifteen years B.re being developed all over C.have not yet been fully tested D.have been abandoned because they are too expensive 52.The purpose of the latest recycling project is ____. A.to prevent people from putting rubbish into holes B.to find a way of destroying all kinds of waste C.to extract useful raw materials from the waste D.to find out how much raw materials should be provided of people want to recycle the waste 53.The new type of recycling plant will ____. A.recycle only paper and rubber B.not recycle metals, paper or rubber C.recycle paper, rubber and metals D.not recycle steel, lead or copper 54.The first recycling plants ____. A.have already been built in large industrial areas B.will not be built for at least fifteen years C.will probably be built in the next fifteen years D.will be too expensive to build near big cities. 55.“Well on with" in the first paragraph probably means ____. A.finished with B.nearing completion C.getting ready to start D.making improvements on
How do you send a message to a submerged submarine, particularly one carrying mi Water may not look like a barrier to communications, but appearances are deceiving. Water labelly absorbs all electromagnetic waves except blue green light and extremely low frequency radio waves. Thevery low frequency waves now used to contract submarines penetrates only a short distance into the ocean, so the craft must either surface or send up and antenna (天线) to receive messages, thereby increasing its weakness. laser system – accurate over long distances and capable of carrying more data than the very low frequency waves — would talk to submarine at their normal depths.
In the system, a very broad beam spreading out freely in all directions would be scanned (扫描) over thousands of square miles of ocean so that it wouldn’t endanger boats, birds or fish——or the submarines it is supposed to reach. Since only a small fraction of the laser system will make its way through the air and ocean, receivers mounted on the submarines must be able not only to detect the laser but also to discriminate between it and sunlight. So, military scientists are now working hard on special filter that allow through only the precise wavelengths emitted by the laser. The filtered light, when transformed into electrical signal, can then be decoded. Military planners are confident that laser communication with submarines is feasible. 56.Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss? A.Missiles carried by submerged submarines. B.Messages sent by submerged submarines. C.lue-green lasers used by submerged submarines. D.The way to send a message to submerged submarines. 57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Water is a barrier to radio communication. B.Lasers have found wide application in submarine communication. C.Water absorbs all kinds of electromagnetic waves. D.Very low frequency radio waves cannot be used to contact submarines. 58.Which of the following is NOT true of a laser system? A.It is able to make its way through water. B.It is able to communicate with submarines at work… C.Its beam reaches a submerged submarine with the help of an antenna. D.It is able to carry more data than low frequency waves. 59.The reference word “it” (Sentence 1, para.3) refers to ____. A.the air B.the laser beam C.the ocean D.the submarine 60.Who would be very much interested in the passage? A.Missile builders B.Military scientists C.Fishermen D.Ship builder
Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved. How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regardfor whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a subsequent study the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups. 61.ording to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to ____. A. overcautious in constructing meaningful measures B.view them from their own cultural perspective C.guard against interference from their own culture D.pt readily what is alien to their own culture 62.What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach? A.They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues. B.The former is biased while the latter is objective. C.The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues. D.They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys. 63.ompared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more . A.the general characteristics of minority families B.ulture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups C.features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups D.the economic conditions of different types of families 65.Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in theUSAaccording to the passage? A.Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable. B.Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend. C.They don’t interact with each other so much as White families. D.They have closer family ties than White families.
War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human species. natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. ggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existence. ut, on the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case ofhuman aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function: It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law .The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. ch family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. ut in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection. The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments. 66.Human violence shows evidence of being a 1earned behavior in that ____. A.it threatens the existing social systems B.it is influenced by society C.it has roots in religious conflicts D.it is directed against institutions of law 67.The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is ____. A.to control violence within a society B.to protect the world from chaos C.to free society from the idea of revenge D.to give the government absolute power 68.What does the author mean by saying “… in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused” (Lines 5-6, Para. 2)? A.Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence. B.Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis. C.Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge. D.Punishment is not dried out directly by the individuals involved. 69.The world “allegiance” (Line 5, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to ____. A.loyalty B.survival C.objective D.motive 70.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Governments tend to abuse their supreme Power in times of war B.In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders. C.In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people. D.Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.
Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion. ut because the two big cola (可乐饮料) companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.
We invited staff volunteers who had a label liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型) or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的) Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble tellingtheir brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly. While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. 71.ording to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______. A.find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B.reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C.show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D.ompare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 72.The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _____. A.oca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks B.there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C.few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D.people’s tastes differ from one another 73.It is implied in the first paragraph that ______. A.the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas B.the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C.the competition between the two colas is very label D.lind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 74.The word “burnout” (Line 4, Para. 5) here refers to the state of _____. A.ing seriously burnt in the skin B.ing unable to burn for lack of fuel C.ing badly damaged by fire D.ing unable to function because of excessive use 75.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ______. A.show that taste preference is highly subjective B.rgue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C.mphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D.recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas
The West begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous work re-assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some reputable historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who wereskepticalat first.'s invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.
In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times. It is probable that the answer isto be found in the social and economic history of, where a static society under a relatively benevolent regime of scholar-gentry contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. ut willavoid the West’s mistakes? 76.So far, how many volumes have been published? A.Five. B.Four. C.Three. D.None. 77.The first volume was published _: A.oubtful B.worried C.sad D.ngry 79.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? A.Gunpowder. B.Needle. C.Paddle boats. D.ridge design. 80.The best title for this passage is____. A.hina’s Inventions B.omparisons Between the East and the West C.hina Is Catching Up D.Situations in China
On 11 December, 1979, Mother Teresa went to Norway. She went to receive the greatest prize in the world—the Nobel Peace Prize. She stood in her blue and white sari in front of hundreds of important people. She spoke simply. She had no notes. She told them of the poverty and sadness in the world.
She received the prize of $190 000 not for herself but for the poor people of the world. She used the money to feed hungry people, to give homes to those who have nowhere to live, to give help to the sick and the dying. In fact she received more than $190 000. There was not the usual Nobel banquet in 1979. The money which was saved on the banquet bought meals for fifteen thousand hungry people. The Nobel Peace Prize is usually given to famous politicians, but Mother Teresa is not a politician. She is a nun, the Mother Superior of the Missionaries of Charity. She received theNobel Peace Prize because her whole fife has been given to loving and helping people. 81.The Nobel Prize is awarded in ___. A.India B.Norway C.ritain D.nada 82.ording to the passage, Mother Teresa ___. A.id not speak from prepared notes B.spoke to fifteen thousand people in Norway C.used to live in Albania D.had worked in Russia 83.The Nobel Peace Prize was given to Mother Teresa because ____. A.she has made great contributions to world politics B.she is head of an influential religious organization C.she lives simply herself but is generous to other people D.she has devoted her life to loving and helping people 84.ording to the text, there is usually ____ for the Nobel Prize receiver. A. nquet B. show C. lebration D. tour 85.The best title for this passage can be: _____ A.Mother Teresa’s Life B.Mother Teresa Receives the Nobel Peace Prize C. Famous Woman D.ngel of the Poor
Last year we visited, the place where Shakespeare was born on the 23rd of April, 1564.
Stratfordis a very interesting town, right in the centre of. The countryside aroundis pleasant, with its beautiful woods, green fields and quiet rivers. The first place we visited was the house in the centre ofwhere Shakespeare was born. We saw the small desk that Shakespeare sat at when he went to school. One of the things we liked best was the garden behind the house, because we could see there many of the flowers, trees and plants that Shakespeare wrote about in his plays. After we had visited Shakespeare’s birthplace, we went to see the church where he was buried. We had lunch in a very old hotel that was probably there in Shakespeare’s time- Every room of the hotel had the name of one of Shakespeare’s plays on the door—the “Hamlet” room, the “Romeo and Juliet” room, and so on. After lunch we walked across the fields to the old cottage, about a mile out of, where Shakespeare spent most of his married life. The cottage is just as it was in Shakespeare’s day. We saw the chairs where Shakespeare perhaps sat and thought about ideas for new plays, and we saw the plates from which he probably ate his dinner. When we got back to our hotel in the evening, we were very tired, but we had enjoyed a wonderful day. 86.Shakespeare was born in ____. A.1464 B.1564 C.1664 D.1764 87.Stratford where Shakespeare was born is _____. A.n industrial city in the middle of B.n interesting farm surrounded by woods and fields C. small town in the center of D.part of the countryside in central England 88.Which of the following is NOT true? A.Shakespeare was born in a house in the centre of. B.Shakespeare was buried in a church in his native town. C.Shakespeare was buried in Wesminsier Abbey. D.Inthere is a very old hotel which existed probably in Shakespeare’s time. 89.fter Shakespeare got married, _____. A.he stayed home and wrote his plays B.he lived in the centre of C.he began to write plays D.he spent most of his married life in an old cottage 90. more suitable little for the above passage is ____. A.Shakespeare and His Birthplace B. Visit lo C. y in Stratford D. Famous Town
Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive (蜂房), using polarized sunlight and the tin y magnet it carries as a navigationalaid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Dondald Griffin’s term, does a bee have “awareness", or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine?
There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould inPrinceton. iologist s who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive s o that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn w hat the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments (增加量) of about 25 percent at each move. ventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make. 91.The best title for the passage is _____. A.Teaching the Bees to Navigate B.Testing the Awareness of Bees C.Navigational Techniques of Bees D.haviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate 92.The word “awareness" in paragraph 1 appears in quotation marks in order to _____. A.show the author’s preference for the term B.indicate that it is being used humorously C.knowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the term D.point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage 93.In the second paragraph Karl von Frischis mentioned _____. A.to introduce his observation on bee behavior B.to contrast his theories with those of James Gould C.knowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the term D.point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage 94.ording to the author, sugar was used in the study _____. A.to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctly B.to train the bees to travel to a particular place C.to ensure that the bees knew where the hive was D.to ensure that the bees would obey the orders 95.The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that _____. A.research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfully B.s are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hive C.scientists can teach bees to navigate D.s are able to perform limited reasoning tasks.
In the early days of nuclear power, themade money on it. ut today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.
The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor “melt down”. Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threatenUSApublic health are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in. ut don’t expect them even on USA shores unless things change in Washington. The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. ny time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice, but not necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. ut the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway. A case in point is the Shoreham plant onNew York’sLong Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in, both ordered in the mid 60s '. Millstone, complete for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $5 billion and delayed its use for many years. Shoreham finally won its operation license. ut the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreharn start up, used his power to force’s publicities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting. 96.The author’s attitude towards the development of nuclear power is _____. A.negative B.neutral C.positive D.questioning 97.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear plants a bad dream? A.The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission. B.The enormous cost of construction and operation. C.The length of time it takes to make investigations. D.The objection of the opponents of nuclear power. 98.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _____. A.there are not enough safety measures in theUSAfor running new nuclear power plants B.it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in theUSA C.there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in theUSA D.the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in theUSA 99.Governor Mario Cuomo’s chief intention in proposing the settlement was to _____. A.stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation B.urge the power company to further increase its power supply C.permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions D.help the power company to solve its financial problems 100.From which sentence of the article can you see the attitude of the author and that of Governor Mario Cuomo respectively? A.the 2nd sentence in the first paragraph, the 3rd sentence in the last paragraph. B.the last sentence, the last sentence but one C.the last sentence in para.2, last sentence but one. D.the last sentence in para.3, the 3rd sentence in the fifth paragraph.
The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.
In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. ut it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others. minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence. Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. motional upsets can distort drivers’ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one’s emotions under control. Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations, they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road. Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. ue to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. ut the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road. 101.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A.To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention. B.To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers. C.To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions. D.To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving. 102.ording to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because _____. A.utos have become most destructive to mankind B.people usually pay little attention to law and morality C.ivilization brings much harm to people D.the lack of virtue is becoming more severe 103.Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three? A.To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents. B.To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy. C.To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers. D.To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving. 104.Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents? A.reless bicycle-riders. B.Mindless people walking in the street. C.Irresponsible drivers. D.Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles. 105.Which of the following best reflects the author’s attitude toward a future without traffic accident problems? A.oubtful yet still longing for B.Happy and rather confident C.Surprised and very pleased D.isappointed and deeply worried
Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester hates the ballet, but when his employer invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. s they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out ho w it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.
A month later, Mrs. Lester found out what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife , and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women began to plan a revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his stud y, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was worth $850! They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull up outside the house. Mrs. Lester quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this. 106.Which of the following is correct? A.Mr. Lester likes to watch ballet. B.Mrs. Lester likes to watch ballet. C.oth of them like to watch ballet D.Neither of them likes to watch ballet. 107.It was quite_____ when they drove to the theatre. A.rainy B.stormy C.loudy D.foggy 108.The theater is_____ from Mr. nd Mrs. Lester’s. A.n hour-driving B.in the other side of the city C.very near D.half an hour of bicycle riding 109.The wife of Mr. Lester’s friend is a _____. A.social worker B.house cleaner C.y sitter D.gossip 110.How many persons are mentioned in this story? A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not - for - profit organizations. Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not - for - profit organizations labelly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor - quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit - seeking organizations, decision - making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not - for - profit organizations, decision - making effectiveness was defined from theperspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. 111.In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is________. A.wrong B.oversimplified C.misleading D.unclear 112.Professor Charles R. Schwenk’s research shows . A. person1s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organization B.onflict is necessary for managers of for - profit organizations C.ifferent people resolve conflicts in different ways D.it is impossible for people to avoid conflict 114.The passage suggests that in for - profit organizations,_______. A.there is no end of conflict B.xpression of different opinions is encouraged C.isions must be justifiable D.success lies in general agreement 115.People working in a not - for - profit organization________. A.seem to be difficult to satisfy B.re free to express diverse opinions C.re less effective in making decisions D.find it easier to reach agreement
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition(学会) of each new skill the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. baby might be forced to use a toilet tooearly;a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severeover times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). lso, parents should realize that example is better thanprecept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. 116.gerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ______ . A.should be avoided B.is universal among parents C.sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D.Will make him lose interest in learning new things 117.In the process of children’s learning new skills,parents ______. A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B.should not expect too much of them C.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own D.should create as many learning opportunities as possible 118.The second paragraph mainly tells us that ". A.idea B.punishment C.haviour D.instruction 120.In moralmatters, parents should _______. A.observe the rules themselves B. ware of the marked difference between adults and children C.forbid things which have no foundation in morality D.onsistently ensure the security of their children 英语泛读——在线考试复习资料答案 一、单选题 1.(11 分)C
二、复合题 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.