本节将使用我们kubeadm搭建Kubernets集群。
我们首先需要使用它Virtualbox创建虚拟机的步骤如下：
新建虚拟机
设置内存2G，硬盘20G，CPU 2核，在光驱设置中已经选择了Centos镜像。
网络设置为桥接网卡
2、安装系统
根据安装导向，启动虚拟机，进入安装界面：
- 设置时区；
- 选择安装磁盘并分区(直接自动分区)；
- 安装模式选【Minimal Install】，全选附加软件；
- "NETWORK & HOST NAME"中打开OnBoot，如果主机名不在这里设置，系统安装后可以通过hostnamectl命令设置；
- 可设置在安装过程中root用户密码或添加新用户，我们在这里直接使用root账户了。
系统安装后，重新启动虚拟机。为了方便操作，我们使用宿主机终端ssh到虚拟机。
PS：因为是最小化安装，所以没有ifconfig所以我们可以通过命令获取虚拟机IP，然后再通过ssh登陆。
3、系统设置
1）禁用SELinux
- 临时关闭：命令执行 setenforce 0
- 永久关闭:修改/修改/etc/selinux/config文件，将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled
2)关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld3)关闭交换分区
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab4）更改iptables设置
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptablesPS：如果找不到提示bridge-nf-call-iptables，可以执行命令：
yum install docker -y1、设置yum源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF2、添加docker镜像
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 添加以下内容： "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.co"]3、安装kubectl、kubeadm、kubelet
yum install -y kubelet-1.19.16 kubeadm-1.19.16 kubectl-1.19.164、启动docker和kubelet
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet1.复制虚拟机并配置它hosts
我们首先复制了两个虚拟机，并分别修改它们hostname为kubevm2和kubevm3。
hostnamectl set-hostnam xxx将三台虚拟机的地址写入宿主机和每台虚拟机hosts文件中：
vim /etc/hosts 192.168.0.187 kubevm1 192.168.0.185 kubevm2 192.168.0.184 kubevm32、初始化master（kubevm1）
在kubevm1上执行kubeadm init
[root@kubevm1 ~]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.120 --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.19.16 --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 W0518 23:27:14.470037 2551 configset.go:348] WARNING: kubeadm cannot validate component configs for API groups [kubelet.config.k8s.io kubeproxy.config.k8s.io] [init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.19.16 [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster [preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection [preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull' [certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki" [certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key [certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local kubevm1] and IPs [10.1.0.1 192.168.56.120] [certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key [certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubevm1 localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.120 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key [certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubevm1 localhost] and IPs [192.168.56.120 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "sa" key and public key [kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes" [kubecofig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 43.002951 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.19" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node kubevm1 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node kubevm1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: wribbh.31c6e1tnddpnpwn9
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.56.120:6443 --token wribbh.31c6e1tnddpnpwn9 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1804e7ee43d7469839b3f5fdbf2c57f5d53eee1da6bc40c59a1b04fce6edddd5接下来我们执行以下命令，这样我们就可以使用kubectl管理集群了：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config我们先查看下当前集群各个组件状态：
[root@kubevm1 ~]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-6d56c8448f-jf9gg 0/1 Pending 0 2m4s
pod/coredns-6d56c8448f-m2cdp 0/1 Pending 0 2m3s
pod/etcd-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 2m17s
pod/kube-apiserver-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 2m17s
pod/kube-controller-manager-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 2m17s
pod/kube-proxy-rv7g4 1/1 Running 0 2m4s
pod/kube-scheduler-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 2m17s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.1.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 2m19s我们发现coredns都处于NotReady状态，这是因为我们还没有安装网络组件。
3、安装网络插件
下载fannel的yaml配置文件：
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml这里确认下yaml中Network是否与前面执行kubeadm init时--pod-network-cidr参数的值一致。
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml等待一会儿，我们可以看到集群中网络服务对应的Pod都ok了：
[root@kubevm1 ~]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/coredns-6d56c8448f-jf9gg 1/1 Running 0 28m
pod/coredns-6d56c8448f-m2cdp 1/1 Running 0 28m
pod/etcd-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 28m
pod/kube-apiserver-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 28m
pod/kube-controller-manager-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 28m
pod/kube-flannel-ds-td89l 1/1 Running 0 13m
pod/kube-proxy-rv7g4 1/1 Running 0 28m
pod/kube-scheduler-kubevm1 1/1 Running 0 28m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.1.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 28m4、注册Node
在kubevm2、kubevm3中执行以下命令，注册到master：
kubeadm join 192.168.56.120:6443 --token wribbh.31c6e1tnddpnpwn9 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1804e7ee43d7469839b3f5fdbf2c57f5d53eee1da6bc40c59a1b04fce6edddd5注册后我们使用kubectl get node查看一下：
[root@kubevm1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
kubevm1 Ready master 46m v1.19.16
kubevm2 Ready <none> 15m v1.19.16
kubevm3 Ready <none> 14m v1.19.16ok，至此整个集群搭建完成。