关于通过二极管的两篇文章PN结测量Boltzmann常熟博文 以及 给出了 使用NPN获得三极管PN电压与电流的关系。而不是直接测量二极管PN测量结的电压与电流之间的关系Boltzmann常数。半导体内部的具体原因需要进一步的文献研究。但在上述测量关系中，存在一个通常没有注意到的问题，即三极管的发射极对集电极电压的影响。
■ 测量电路
将NPN晶体管的基极通过电阻接地R1连接可调电压源。改变数控可调电压源NPN晶体管发射极的电流改变了晶体管发射极的电压。 用万用表测量三极管集电极对地之间的电压VC。
下面测量VALL，VR， VC关系。
01实验测量结果
需要注意的是，在以下测量过程中Vc的测试使用DM3068万用表。Vcc与DM3068的不同档位有关。因此，正向0.75V电压应与DM3068本身的输入特性是相关的。
1. NPN:3904
▲ 发射极电压与集电极电压的关系
▲ 发射极电压与集电极电压的关系
vr=[-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.00,-0.01,-0.01,-0.01,-0.01,-0.02,-0.02,-0.02,-0.03,-0.03,-0.04,-0.04,-0.05,-0.05,-0.06,-0.06,-0.07,-0.07,-0.08,-0.08,-0.09,-0.10,-0.11,-0.11,-0.12,-0.13,-0.14,-0.14,-0.15,-0.16,-0.17,-0.17,-0.18,-0.19,-0.20,-0.20,-0.21,-0.22,-0.23,-0.24,-0.25,-0.25,-0.26,-0.27,-0.28]
vall=[-0.00,-0.01,-0.02,-0.03,-0.04,-0.05,-0.06,-0.07,-0.08,-0.09,-0.10,-0.11,-0.12,-0.13,-0.14,-0.15,-0.16,-0.17,-0.18,-0.19,-0.20,-0.21,-0.22,-0.23,-0.24,-0.26,-0.27,-0.28,-0.29,-0.29,-0.31,-0.32,-0.33,-0.34,-0.34,-0.36,-0.37,-0.38,-0.39,-0.40,-0.41,-0.42,-0.43,-0.44,-0.45,-0.46,-0.47,-0.48,-0.49,-0.50,-0.51,-0.52,-0.53,-0.54,-0.55,-0.56,-0.57,-0.58,-0.59,-0.60,-0.61,-0.62,-0.63,-0.64,-0.65,-0.66,-0.67,-0.68,-0.69,-0.70,-0.71,-0.72,-0.73,-0.73,-0.74,-0.75,-0.76,-0.77,-0.78,-0.79,-0.80,-0.81,-0.83,-0.84,-0.84,-0.85,-0.86,-0.87,-0.88,-0.89,-0.90,-0.91,-0.92,-0.93,-0.94,-0.95,-0.96,-0.97,-0.98,-0.99]
vc=[0.86,0.86,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.85,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.84,0.83,0.83,0.83,0.83,0.82,0.82,0.82,0.81,0.80,0.78,0.77,0.74,0.70,0.65,0.58,0.47,0.33,0.12,-0.07,-0.28,-0.37,-0.39,-0.40,-0.42,-0.43,-0.45,-0.46,-0.47,-0.49,-0.50,-0.51,-0.52,-0.53,-0.54,-0.55,-0.56,-0.57,-0.58,-0.58,-0.59,-0.60,-0.60,-0.61,-0.62,-0.62,-0.63,-0.63,-0.63,-0.64,-0.64,-0.64,-0.65,-0.65,-0.65,-0.66,-0.66,-0.66,-0.67,-0.67,-0.67,-0.68,-0.68,-0.68,-0.68,-0.68,-0.69,-0.69,-0.69,-0.69,-0.69,-0.70,-0.70,-0.70,-0.70,-0.70,-0.70]
#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TEST1.PY -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-08-05
#
# Note:
#============================================================
from headm import *
from tsmodule.tsvisa import *
from tsmodule.tsstm32 import *
dp1308open()
printf('Begin :\r\n\a')
dp1308n25v(0)
time.sleep(2)
setv = linspace(0, 1, 100)
vrdim = []
valldim = []
vcdim = []
for v in setv:
dp1308n25v(v)
time.sleep(1.5)
meter = meterval()
vcdim.append(meter[2])
valldim.append(meter[0])
vrdim.append(meter[3])
dp1308n25v(0)
tspsave('data', vr=vrdim, vall=valldim, vc=vcdim)
plt.plot(setv, valldim, label='VALL')
plt.plot(setv, vcdim, label='VC')
plt.plot(setv, vrdim, label='VR')
plt.xlabel("Set Voltage(V)")
plt.ylabel("Measure(V)")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.show()
#------------------------------------------------------------
# END OF FILE : TEST1.PY
#============================================================
1. NPN:1906
▲ 1906的发射极与集电极之间的关系
vr=[-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0002,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0002,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0002,-0.0002,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0002,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0002,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0001,-0.0002,-0.0002,-0.0002,-0.0002,-0.0002,-0.0003,-0.0004,-0.0005,-0.0007,-0.0009,-0.0012,-0.0017,-0.0024,-0.0031,-0.0043,-0.0057,-0.0075,-0.0098,-0.0123,-0.0154,-0.0189,-0.0223,-0.0265,-0.0308,-0.0358,-0.0403,-0.0465,-0.0523,-0.0575,-0.0636,-0.0698,-0.0762,-0.0829,-0.0887,-0.0957,-0.1025,-0.1100,-0.1173,-0.1242,-0.1318,-0.1394,-0.1460,-0.1539,-0.1613,-0.1692,-0.1772,-0.1851,-0.1932,-0.2002,-0.2084,-0.2166]
vall=[-0.0029,-0.0132,-0.0222,-0.0326,-0.0427,-0.0532,-0.0636,-0.0736,-0.0838,-0.0929,-0.1032,-0.1137,-0.1236,-0.1339,-0.1429,-0.1547,-0.1651,-0.1740,-0.1845,-0.1945,-0.2049,-0.2150,-0.2242,-0.2345,-0.2446,-0.2553,-0.2656,-0.2757,-0.2860,-0.2949,-0.3053,-0.3156,-0.3257,-0.3361,-0.3450,-0.3566,-0.3671,-0.3760,-0.3864,-0.3968,-0.4068,-0.4172,-0.4261,-0.4365,-0.4465,-0.4571,-0.4675,-0.4776,-0.4880,-0.4983,-0.5072,-0.5176,-0.5276,-0.5379,-0.5470,-0.5586,-0.5691,-0.5781,-0.5884,-0.5988,-0.6087,-0.6190,-0.6279,-0.6382,-0.6481,-0.6587,-0.6689,-0.6787,-0.6889,-0.6991,-0.7079,-0.7180,-0.7276,-0.7377,-0.7465,-0.7578,-0.7679,-0.7766,-0.7866,-0.7964,-0.8061,-0.8161,-0.8246,-0.8347,-0.8442,-0.8546,-0.8646,-0.8740,-0.8839,-0.8938,-0.9024,-0.9124,-0.9220,-0.9318,-0.94